Table 1 Exponent for all cities simulated.
From: A global empirical study on how street networks facilitate driving longer distances
City | \(\beta\) | City | \(\beta\) | City | \(\beta\) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jakarta, Indonesia | 1.4 \(\pm 0.07\) | Cairo, Egypt | 1.36 \(\pm 0.02\) | Seoul, South Korea | 1.29 \(\pm 0.03\) |
Amsterdam, Netherlands | 1.29 \(\pm 0.02\) | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | 1.29 \(\pm 0.02\) | Rio de Janeiro, Brasil | 1.28 \(\pm 0.03\) |
Casablanca, Morocco | 1.28 \(\pm 0.02\) | Mumbai, India | 1.28 \(\pm 0.03\) | Reykjavik, Iceland | 1.27 \(\pm 0.03\) |
Salvador, Brasil | 1.26 \(\pm 0.03\) | Antwerp, Belgium | 1.26 \(\pm 0.03\) | Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam | 1.25 \(\pm 0.04\) |
Bengaluru, India | 1.25 \(\pm 0.02\) | Guayaquil, Ecuador | 1.24 \(\pm 0.03\) | Calgary, Canadá | 1.24 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Tripoli, Libya | 1.24 \(\pm 0.03\) | Cologne, Germany | 1.24 \(\pm 0.02\) | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 1.24 \(\pm 0.03\) |
Singapore | 1.24 \(\pm 0.02\) | Las Vegas, USA | 1.24 \(\pm 0.02\) | Toronto, Canadá | 1.24 \(\pm 0.03\) |
Wollongong, Australia | 1.24 \(\pm 0.03\) | San Diego, USA | 1.23 \(\pm 0.02\) | São Bernardo do Campo, Brasil | 1.23 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Fes, Morocco | 1.23 \(\pm 0.02\) | Sydney, Australia | 1.23 \(\pm 0.02\) | Quebec City, Canadá | 1.23 \(\pm 0.03\) |
Adelaide, Australia | 1.23 \(\pm 0.02\) | Ribeirão Preto, Brazil | 1.23 \(\pm 0.02\) | Shenzhen, China | 1.23 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Ljubljana, Slovenia | 1.22 \(\pm 0.03\) | Cork, Ireland | 1.22 \(\pm 0.03\) | Playa del Carmen, Mexico | 1.22 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Lisboa, Portugal | 1.22 \(\pm 0.02\) | Bergen, Vestland, Norway | 1.22 \(\pm 0.02\) | Bern, Switzerland | 1.21 \(\pm 0.03\) |
Madrid, Spain | 1.21 \(\pm 0.02\) | Conakry, Guinea | 1.21 \(\pm 0.02\) | Tulsa, USA | 1.21 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Valparaíso, Chile | 1.21 \(\pm 0.03\) | Mexico City, Mexico | 1.21 \(\pm 0.03\) | Trondheim, Trøndelag, Norway | 1.21 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Prague, Czechia | 1.2 \(\pm 0.02\) | Houston, USA | 1.2 \(\pm 0.02\) | Edmonton, Canadá | 1.2 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico | 1.2 \(\pm 0.02\) | Dallas, USA | 1.2 \(\pm 0.02\) | Marrakesh. Morocco | 1.2 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Oakland, California, USA | 1.2 \(\pm 0.03\) | Marrakesh, Morocco | 1.2 \(\pm 0.02\) | Oklahoma City, USA | 1.2 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Chandigarh, India | 1.2 \(\pm 0.02\) | Austin, USA | 1.2 \(\pm 0.02\) | Campinas, Brasil | 1.2 \(\pm 0.03\) |
Utrecht, Netherlands | 1.2 \(\pm 0.02\) | Porto, Portugal | 1.19 \(\pm 0.03\) | Winchester, UK | 1.19 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Albuquerque, USA | 1.19 \(\pm 0.02\) | Hanoi, Vietnam | 1.19 \(\pm 0.02\) | Florianópolis, Brasil | 1.19 \(\pm 0.03\) |
Natal, Brasil | 1.19 \(\pm 0.03\) | Cartagena, Colombia | 1.19 \(\pm 0.02\) | São Luís, Brasil | 1.19 \(\pm 0.03\) |
Jacksonville, Florida, USA | 1.19 \(\pm 0.02\) | The Hague, Netherlands | 1.19 \(\pm 0.02\) | San Antonio, USA | 1.19 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Porto Velho, Brasil | 1.19 \(\pm 0.02\) | Maputo, Mozambique | 1.19 \(\pm 0.03\) | New York, USA | 1.19 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Valencia, Spain | 1.18 \(\pm 0.02\) | Brisbane, Australia | 1.18 \(\pm 0.02\) | Portland, USA | 1.18 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Vila Velha, Brasil | 1.18 \(\pm 0.03\) | New Delhi, India | 1.18 \(\pm 0.02\) | Columbus, USA | 1.18 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Los Angeles, USA | 1.18 \(\pm 0.02\) | Caracas, Venezuela | 1.18 \(\pm 0.03\) | São Paulo, Brasil | 1.18 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Taipei, Taiwan | 1.18 \(\pm 0.02\) | Detroit, USA | 1.18 \(\pm 0.03\) | Phoenix, USA | 1.18 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Bogotá, Colombia | 1.17 \(\pm 0.02\) | Saint Louis, Illinois, USA | 1.17 \(\pm 0.02\) | Louisville, USA | 1.17 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Brussels, Belgium | 1.17 \(\pm 0.02\) | Vienna, Austria | 1.17 \(\pm 0.02\) | Memphis, USA | 1.17 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Londrina, Brazil | 1.17 \(\pm 0.02\) | Saskatoon, Canadá | 1.17 \(\pm 0.02\) | Joinville, Brasil | 1.17 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Nuremberg, Germany | 1.17 \(\pm 0.02\) | Nashville, USA | 1.17 \(\pm 0.02\) | Hong Kong | 1.17 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Fortaleza, Brasil | 1.17 \(\pm 0.02\) | Goiânia, Brasil | 1.17 \(\pm 0.02\) | Campo Grande, Brasil | 1.17 \(\pm 0.01\) |
Genoa, Italy | 1.16 \(\pm 0.02\) | Marseille, France | 1.16 \(\pm 0.03\) | Curitiba, Brasil | 1.16 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Bamako, Mali | 1.16 \(\pm 0.02\) | Boa Vista, Brasil | 1.16 \(\pm 0.02\) | Niamey, Niger | 1.16 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Recife, Brasil | 1.16 \(\pm 0.02\) | New Orleans, USA | 1.16 \(\pm 0.02\) | Orlando, USA | 1.16 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan | 1.16 \(\pm 0.01\) | Buenos Aires, Argentina | 1.16 \(\pm 0.02\) | Aracaju, Brasil | 1.16 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Kansas City,USA | 1.16 \(\pm 0.02\) | Rabat, Morocco | 1.15 \(\pm 0.02\) | Miami, USA | 1.15 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Paris, France | 1.15 \(\pm 0.02\) | Nagpur, India | 1.15 \(\pm 0.02\) | Baton Rouge, USA | 1.15 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Munich, Germany | 1.15 \(\pm 0.02\) | Venice, Italy | 1.15 \(\pm 0.02\) | Chicago, USA | 1.15 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Frankfurt, Germany | 1.15 \(\pm 0.02\) | Rio Branco, Brasil | 1.15 \(\pm 0.01\) | Ciudad del Este, Paraguay | 1.15 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Sapporo, Japan | 1.15 \(\pm 0.02\) | Liverpool, UK | 1.15 \(\pm 0.02\) | Manila, Philippines | 1.14 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Umea, Sweden | 1.14 \(\pm 0.02\) | Belgrade, Serbia | 1.14 \(\pm 0.02\) | Teresina, Brasil | 1.14 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Philadelphia, USA | 1.14 \(\pm 0.02\) | João Pessoa, Brasil | 1.14 \(\pm 0.02\) | Bucharest, Romania | 1.14 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia | 1.14 \(\pm 0.02\) | Viña del Mar, Chile | 1.14 \(\pm 0.02\) | Tirana, Albania | 1.14 \(\pm 0.03\) |
Manaus, Brasil | 1.14 \(\pm 0.02\) | Barcelona, Spain | 1.14 \(\pm 0.02\) | Guadalajara, Mexico | 1.14 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Nouakchott, Mauritania | 1.13 \(\pm 0.02\) | Oslo,Norway | 1.13 \(\pm 0.03\) | Nice, France | 1.13 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Charlotte, USA | 1.13 \(\pm 0.02\) | Seattle, USA | 1.13 \(\pm 0.02\) | Cali, Colombia | 1.13 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Honolulu, USA | 1.13 \(\pm 0.02\) | Nairobi, Kenya | 1.13 \(\pm 0.02\) | Budapest, Hungary | 1.13 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Joensuu, Finland | 1.13 \(\pm 0.02\) | Montevideo, Uruguay | 1.13 \(\pm 0.02\) | Maceió, Brasil | 1.13 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Accra, Ghana | 1.13 \(\pm 0.02\) | Santo André, Brasil | 1.12 \(\pm 0.02\) | Ostrava, Czechia | 1.12 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Raleigh, USA | 1.12 \(\pm 0.02\) | Wuhan, China | 1.12 \(\pm 0.02\) | Medellín, Colombia | 1.12 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan | 1.12 \(\pm 0.02\) | Asunción, Paraguay | 1.12 \(\pm 0.02\) | Atlanta, USA | 1.12 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Beira, Mozambique | 1.12 \(\pm 0.02\) | Denver,USA | 1.12 \(\pm 0.02\) | Edinburgh, UK | 1.12 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1.12 \(\pm 0.01\) | London, UK | 1.12 \(\pm 0.02\) | Montreal, Canadá | 1.12 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Manchester, UK | 1.11 \(\pm 0.02\) | Cancun, Mexico | 1.11 \(\pm 0.04\) | Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | 1.11 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Setúbal, Portugal | 1.11 \(\pm 0.02\) | Hamilton, New Zealand | 1.11 \(\pm 0.02\) | Santos, Brasil | 1.11 \(\pm 0.01\) |
Santa Fe, USA | 1.11 \(\pm 0.02\) | Zagreb, Croatia | 1.11 \(\pm 0.02\) | Pori, Finland | 1.11 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Porto Alegre, Brasil | 1.11 \(\pm 0.02\) | Mombasa, Kenya | 1.11 \(\pm 0.02\) | Palmas, Brasil | 1.11 \(\pm 0.01\) |
Sundsvall, Sweden | 1.1 \(\pm 0.03\) | Oxford, UK | 1.1 \(\pm 0.02\) | Turin, Italy | 1.1 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Nottingham, UK | 1.1 \(\pm 0.02\) | Sofia, Bulgaria | 1.1 \(\pm 0.02\) | Milwaukee, USA | 1.1 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Richmond, USA | 1.1 \(\pm 0.02\) | Boulder, USA | 1.09 \(\pm 0.02\) | Leipzig, Germany | 1.09 \(\pm 0.01\) |
Christchurch, New Zealand | 1.09 \(\pm 0.02\) | Turku, Finland | 1.09 \(\pm 0.02\) | Minneapolis, USA | 1.09 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Mar del Plata, Argentina | 1.09 \(\pm 0.02\) | San Miguel de Allende, Mexico | 1.09 \(\pm 0.03\) | Birmingham, UK | 1.09 \(\pm 0.01\) |
Timisoara, Romania | 1.09 \(\pm 0.02\) | Dresden, Germany | 1.09 \(\pm 0.02\) | Buffalo, New York, USA | 1.09 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1.08 \(\pm 0.01\) | Eugene, Oregon, USA | 1.08 \(\pm 0.02\) | Rijeka, Croatia | 1.08 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Bristol, UK | 1.08 \(\pm 0.02\) | Brazzaville, Congo-Brazzaville | 1.08 \(\pm 0.01\) | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA | 1.08 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Kolkata, India | 1.08 \(\pm 0.02\) | Nouméa, New Caledonia | 1.07 \(\pm 0.02\) | Luanda, Angola | 1.07 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Baltimore, USA | 1.07 \(\pm 0.01\) | Niteroi, Brasil | 1.07 \(\pm 0.03\) | Boston, USA | 1.06 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Graz, Austria | 1.06 \(\pm 0.02\) | Innsbruck, Austria | 1.06 \(\pm 0.02\) | N’Djamena, Chad | 1.06 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Lyon, France | 1.06 \(\pm 0.01\) | Milan, Italy | 1.06 \(\pm 0.01\) | Copenhagen, Denmark | 1.06 \(\pm 0.01\) |
Akureyri, Iceland | 1.05 \(\pm 0.02\) | Pyongyang, North Korea | 1.05 \(\pm 0.02\) | Dublin, Ireland | 1.05 \(\pm 0.01\) |
Reading, USA | 1.05 \(\pm 0.01\) | Salt Lake City, USA | 1.05 \(\pm 0.03\) | Santiago, Chile | 1.05 \(\pm 0.01\) |
Yaoundé, Cameroon | 1.04 \(\pm 0.01\) | Yantai, China | 1.04 \(\pm 0.01\) | La Plata, Argentina | 1.04 \(\pm 0.01\) |
Port Harcourt, Nigeria | 1.04 \(\pm 0.01\) | Kampala, Uganda | 1.04 \(\pm 0.02\) | Nantes, France | 1.04 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Cuiabá, Brasil | 1.03 \(\pm 0.02\) | Salzburg, Austria | 1.03 \(\pm 0.01\) | Newark, USA | 1.03 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Cambridge, UK | 1.03 \(\pm 0.01\) | Norwich, UK | 1.03 \(\pm 0.01\) | Vancouver, Canadá | 1.02 \(\pm 0.01\) |
Papeete, France | 1.02 \(\pm 0.02\) | Scranton, Pennsylvania, USA | 1.02 \(\pm 0.01\) | Georgetown, Guyana | 1.02 \(\pm 0.02\) |
Jersey City, USA | 1.01 \(\pm 0.01\) | Cayenne, France | 1.01 \(\pm 0.02\) | Washington, USA | 1.0 \(\pm 0.01\) |
Geneva, Switzerland | 0.99 \(\pm 0.01\) | Iquitos, Peru | 0.99 \(\pm 0.02\) | Wilmington, USA | 0.97 \(\pm 0.01\) |
