Table 14 DM test results.

From: Carbon price prediction based on decomposition technique and extreme gradient boosting optimized by the grey wolf optimizer algorithm

Models

Guangdong

Hubei

Fujian

MAE

MSE

MAE

MSE

MAE

MSE

GBDT

1.31480e-07

0.000140

0.000000

2.31306e-10

0.000000

3.09520e-10

XGBOOST

0.000100

0.002870

0.000000

3.12004e-10

0.000000

4.68075e-11

GWO-XGBOOST

3.02359e-09

7.92154e-06

0.000000

0.000000

0.000000

0.000000

GWO-XGBOOST-EEMD

0.015140

0.009720

0.130250

0.215960

0.464508

0.254400

GWO-XGBOOST-CEEMDAN*

0.000610

0.000350

0.003640

0.007930

0.033014

0.009580

All-VARIABLE-GWO-XGBOOST-CEEMDAN

0.411980

0.632980

0.000000

1.04716e-12

0.006089

0.001100

  1. a p-value of 0.0 does not mean that the data is 0, it just means that the p-value is small and the probability tends to be 0.
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