Table 3 Primary indicators of carbon price impact factors.

From: Carbon price prediction based on decomposition technique and extreme gradient boosting optimized by the grey wolf optimizer algorithm

Primary indicators

Secondary indicators

Factor symbols

Serial number

Literature sources

Macroeconomics

Shanghai Stock Exchange Industrial Index

SHZQ

X1.1

10,64

Dow Jones Industrial Average

DQS

X1.2

10

S&P 500 Index

BP500

X1.3

10,64

CSI300 Index

CSI300

X1.4

65,10

Energy prices

Brent Crude Oil CFD

CFD

X2.1

66,47,10

Bohai Sea Power Coal Price Index

HBH

X2.2

10

Natural Gas Market Offer

TRQ

X2.3

10,47

International carbon markets

EU Carbon Emission Allowances

EUA

X3.1

66,11

 

Maximum Temperature

ZGQW

X4.1

47

Weather conditions

Minimum Temperature

ZDQW

X4.2

47

 

Air Quality Index

AQI

X4.3

47,10,13

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