Table 4 Evaluation indicators.
Indicators | Definition | Formula |
|---|---|---|
MSE | Mean square error | \(MSE=\frac{1}{n}{{\sum }_{i=1}^{n}\left({y}_{i}-\widehat{{y}_{i}}\right)}^{2}\) |
MAE | Mean absolute error | \(MAE=\frac{1}{n}{\sum }_{i=1}^{n}\left|{y}_{i}-\widehat{{y}_{i}}\right|\) |
RMSPE | Root mean square percentage error | \(RMSPE=\sqrt{\frac{1}{n}{\sum }_{i=1}^{n}{\left|\frac{{y}_{i}-\widehat{{y}_{i}}}{{y}_{i}}\right|}^{2}}*100\%\) |
MAPE | Mean absolute percentage error | \(MAPE=\frac{1}{n}{\sum }_{i=1}^{n}\left|\frac{{y}_{i}-\widehat{{y}_{i}}}{{y}_{i}}\right|*100\%\) |
\({R}^{2}\) | Coefficient of determination | \({R}^{2}=1-\frac{S{S}_{residual}}{S{S}_{total}}\) |
