Table 7 Model parameter settings.

From: Carbon price prediction based on decomposition technique and extreme gradient boosting optimized by the grey wolf optimizer algorithm

Models

Guangdong parameters

Hubei parameters

Fujian parameters

GBDT

(100,2,0.1,8,4)

(30,9,0.1,20,20)

(15,8,0.1,20,20)

XGBOOST

(100,0.5,0.1,10)

(100,0.2,0.1,18)

(100,0.3,0.1,20)

GWO–XGBOOST

(37.5037,0.3176,0.2457, 56.2732, 0.5770)

(31.1208, 0.4177, 0.0441, 40.7127, 0.1817)

(11.3251, 0.1224, 0.0683, 19.2370, 0.5652)