Table 8 The calculation results of each algorithm for vehicle scheduling simulation.

From: A modified particle swarm optimization algorithm for a vehicle scheduling problem with soft time windows

Algorithm

Simulation time (s)

Cost function value

Max

Mean

Min

SD

Max

Mean

Min

SD

PSO

19.19

15.82

14.1

1.13

3921.01

3342.87

2488.7

377.73

CPSO

13.56

12.85

12.24

0.32

7101.63

3840.47

1090.32

1678.46

IPSO

16.64

14.57

12.18

0.87

4992.79

2316.66

1009.7

1055.47

MPSO

10.94

9.79

8.82

0.54

2020.47

1118.26

702.03

250.4

  1. The best values are shown in bold.
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