Table 1 Characteristics of studies enrolled in this meta-analysis.
From: Association between Cu/Zn/Iron/Ca/Mg levels and cerebral palsy: a pooled-analysis
Study | Study design | Ethnicity | Case/Control | Adjustment for confounding factors | Method of testing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Trace element | |||||
Cu | ||||||
Wang et al. 1989 | CC | Asians | 42/30 | 102.51 ± 25.46/121.28 ± 29.34 ug% | Age, gender | AAS |
Liang et al. 1999 (urine) | CC | Asians | 20/20 | 0.0578 ± 0.0162/0.0762 ± 0.016 ug/mL | Age, gender | AAS |
Hao et al. 2000 | CC | Asians | 60/32 | 1.16 ± 0.25/23.14 ± 1.26 umol/L | Age, gender | ICP-AES |
Li et al. 2003 | CC | Asians | 168/152 | 0.50 ± 0.27/0.71 ± 0.23 ug/mL | Age, gender | ICP-AES |
Khalique et al. 2006 | CC | Asians | 95/93 | 6.224 ± 1.134/8.610 ± 1.760 ug/g | Age | sPectroPhotometer |
Yuan et al. 2007 | CC | Asians | 128/128 | 14 ± 3.71/15 ± 3.26 mmol/L | Age, gender | AS |
Hu et al. 2008 | CC | Asians | 131/130 | 3.60 ± 0.54/3.80 ± 0.51 ug/mL | Age, gender, Habits | AAS |
Chen et al. 2010 | CC | Asians | 36/20 | 14.71 ± 3.79/22.06 ± 1.93 umol/L | Age, gender | AAS |
Li et al. 2014 | CC | Asians | 53/60 | 1.071 ± 0.231/1.139 ± 0.372 ug/mL | Age, gender | AAS |
Kalra et al. 2015 | CC | Asians | 50/50 | 106.18 ± 38.26/128.82 ± 20.23 ug/dl | Age, gender | Colorimetric method |
Li et al. 2016 | CC | Asians | 217/219 | 18.38 ± 3.90/19.23 ± 4.07 umol/L | Age, gender | AS |
Tang et al. 2016 | CC | Asians | 20/20 | 8.76 ± 1.48/20.31 ± 3.79 umol/L | Age, gender | – |
Tinkov et al. 2021 | CC | Caucasians | 71/84 | 1.126 ± 0.193/1.195 ± 0.22 ug/ml | Age, gender | ICP-MS |
Carman et al. 2022 | CC | Caucasians | 303/95 | 122.25 ± 29.21/125.18 ± 33.52 ug/dl | – | Colorimetric method |
Zn | ||||||
Wang et al. 1989 | CC | Asians | 42/30 | 81.64 ± 12.47/96.19 ± 9.61 ug% | Age, gender | AAS |
Liang et al. 1999 (urine) | CC | Asians | 20/20 | 0.558 ± 0.22/0.775 ± 0.195 mg/L | Age, gender | AAS |
Hao et al. 2000 | CC | Asians | 60/32 | 3.81 ± 0.96/24.43 ± 1.07 umol/L | Age, gender | ICP-AES |
Li et al. 2003 | CC | Asians | 168/152 | 3.04 ± 1.05/5.83 ± 1.76 ug/mL | Age, gender | ICP-AES |
Khalique et al. 2006 | CC | Asians | 95/93 | 143.9 ± 21.7/140.7 ± 27.7 ug/g | Age | sPectroPhotometer |
Yuan et al. 2007 | CC | Asians | 128/128 | 78 ± 24/81 ± 29 mmol/L | Age, gender | AS |
Hu et al. 2008 | CC | Asians | 131/130 | 2.80 ± 1.20/3.50 ± 1.40 ug/mL | Age, gender, habits | AAS |
Yang et al. 2009 | CC | Asians | 277/311 | 3.5 ± 0.9/4.7 ± 1.3 umol/L | Age, gender | AAS |
Chen et al. 2010 | CC | Asians | 36/20 | 67.96 ± 15.06/119.14 ± 29.70 umol/L | Age, gender | AAS |
Li et al. 2014 | CC | Asians | 53/60 | 0.889 ± 0.295/1.229 ± 0.318 ug/mL | Age, gender | AAS |
Kalra et al. 2015 | CC | Asians | 50/50 | 12.32 ± 4.95/13.30 ± 4.20 umol/l | Age, gender | Colorimetric method |
Li et al. 2016 | CC | Asians | 200/340 | 47.19 ± 1.53/67.77 ± 1.60 umol/L | Age, gender | AAS |
Li et al. 2016 | CC | Asians | 217/219 | 58.42 ± 14.47/61.6 ± 12.11 umol/L | Age, gender | AS |
Tang et al. 2016 | CC | Asians | 20/20 | 9.57 ± 2.24/12.65 ± 2.56 umol/L | Age, gender | – |
Tinkov et al. 2021 | CC | Caucasians | 71/84 | 0.928 ± 0.144/1.008 ± 0.164 ug/ml | Age, gender | ICP-MS |
Carman et al. 2022 | CC | Caucasians | 303/95 | 123.69 ± 32.97/138.17 ± 34.58 ug/dl | – | Colorimetric method |
Iron | ||||||
Li et al. 2003 | CC | Asians | 168/152 | 428 ± 43/451 ± 61 ug/mL | Age, gender | ICP-AES |
Hao et al. 2004 | CC | Asians | 20/20 | 6.37 ± 2.03/15.57 ± 2.12 umol/L | Age, gender | TM |
Khalique et al. 2006 | CC | Asians | 95/93 | 4.175 ± 2.018/6.882 ± 2.828 ug/g | Age | sPectroPhotometer |
Yuan et al. 2007 | CC | Asians | 128/128 | 41 ± 7.29/53 ± 6.37 mmol/L | Age, gender | AS |
Hu et al. 2008 | CC | Asians | 131/130 | 141.01 ± 54.94/161.48 ± 51.45 ug/mL | Age, gender, habits | AAS |
Chen et al. 2010 | CC | Asians | 36/20 | 7.09 ± 0.87/8.15 ± 1.14 umol/L | Age, gender | AAS |
Li et al. 2014 | CC | Asians | 53/60 | 0.757 ± 0.218/1.141 ± 0.307 ug/mL | Age, gender | AAS |
Kalra et al. 2015 | CC | Asians | 50/50 | 12.60 ± 5.85/20.86 ± 3.29 umol/l | Age, gender | Colorimetric method |
Li et al. 2016 | CC | Asians | 217/219 | 7.31 ± 1.29/7.55 ± 0.89 mmol/L | Age, gender | AS |
Tang et al. 2016 | CC | Asians | 20/20 | 10.28 ± 2.56/20.75 ± 6.21 umol/L | Age, gender | – |
Tinkov et al. 2021 | CC | Caucasians | 71/84 | 1.434 ± 0.662/1.399 ± 0.516 ug/ml | Age, gender | ICP-MS |
Carman et al. 2022 | CC | Caucasians | 303/95 | 97.75 ± 74.17/100.77 ± 98.5 ug/dl | – | Colorimetric method |
Ca | ||||||
Peng et al. 2005 | CC | Asians | 80/56 | 253.15 ± 68.84/288.44 ± 87.28 mmol/L | Age, gender | AAS |
Khalique et al. 2006 | CC | Asians | 95/93 | 651.1 ± 135.6/521.2 ± 79.1 ug/g | Age | sPectroPhotometer |
Yuan et al. 2007 | CC | Asians | 128/128 | 1.01 ± 0.22/1.29 ± 0.31 mmol/L | Age, Gender | AS |
Hu et al. 2008 | CC | Asians | 131/130 | 18.21 ± 4.80/65.60 ± 22.11 ug/mL | Age, gender, Habits | AAS |
Chen et al. 2010 | CC | Asians | 36/20 | 1.31 ± 0.127/1.83 ± 0.26 umol/L | Age, gender | AAS |
Li et al. 2016 | CC | Asians | 217/219 | 1.81 ± 0.17/1.87 ± 0.23 mmol/L | Age, gender | AS |
Tang et al. 2016 | CC | Asians | 20/20 | 1.48 ± 0.41/1.82 ± 0.51 mmol/L | Age, gender | – |
Tinkov et al. 2021 | CC | Caucasians | 71/84 | 106 ± 9.2/106.2 ± 8 ug/ml | Age, gender | ICP-MS |
Carman et al. 2022 | CC | Caucasians | 303/95 | 9.52 ± 0.84/9.42 ± 0.8 mg/dl | – | Colorimetric method |
Mg | ||||||
Khalique et al. 2006 | CC | Asians | 90/93 | 216.2 ± 53/159.9 ± 49.10 ug/g | Age | sPectroPhotometer |
Yuan et al. 2007 | CC | Asians | 128/128 | 1.01 ± 0.31/1.12 ± 0.40 mmol/L | Age, gender | AS |
Hu et al. 2008 | CC | Asians | 131/130 | 49.35 ± 8.73/56.22 ± 6.43 ug/mL | Age, gender, habits | AAS |
Chen et al. 2010 | CC | Asians | 36/20 | 1.47 ± 0.518/1.45 ± 0.08 umol/L | Age, gender | AAS |
Schoendorfer et al. 2013 | CC | Caucasians | 15/24 | 0.65 ± 0.85/1.36 ± 1.24 z score | – | sPectroPhotometer |
Kalra et al. 2015 | CC | Asians | 50/50 | 1.97 ± 0.41/2.19 ± 0.29 mg/dl | Age, gender | Colorimetric method |
Li et al. 2016 | CC | Asians | 217/219 | 1.49 ± 0.23/1.51 ± 0.19 mmol/L | Age, gender | AS |
Tinkov et al. 2021 | CC | Caucasians | 71/84 | 23.2 ± 2/23 ± 1.9 ug/ml | Age, gender | ICP-MS |
Carman et al. 2022 | CC | Caucasians | 303/95 | 2.11 ± 0.27/2.12 ± 0.26 mmol/l | – | Colorimetric method |
