Table 2 Effect of the application organic manures and LAB on soil physicochemical properties after harvesting stage (averaged over the two seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021). 

From: Application of bio-organic amendments improves soil quality and yield of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) plants in saline calcareous soil

Treatments

Total bacterial count log10 (CFU g−1)

pH

ECe (dS m−1)

OM (%)

N

P

BD (g cm−3)

TP

θFc

AW

(mg kg−1 ) 

(%)

C

5.82 ± 0.04d

7.86 ± 0.11a

6.92 ± 0.11a

1.16 ± 0.06e

51.0 ± 1.50e

3.53 ± 0.32e

1.61 ± 0.12a

32.1 ± 1.2d

16.8 ± 1.10d

9.71 ± 0.08d

FM

6.14 ± 0.35c

7.60 ± 0.12c

5.81 ± 0.12b

1.63 ± 0.07c

59.2 ± 2.10d

4.26 ± 0.19e

1.56 ± 0.11a

36.2 ± 1.60c

23.2 ± 1.20b

13.42 ± 0.09c

FM + Lp

6.29 ± 0.07b

7.51 ± 0.21d

5.70 ± 0.08c

1.84 ± 0.07b

61.4 ± 2.10c

4.64 ± 0.21c

1.55 ± 0.09b

36.7 ± 1.60c

24.0 ± 1.70a

14.31 ± 0.11 a

FM + Ll

6.14 ± 0.35c

7.52 ± 0.14d

5.60 ± 0.10c

1.81 ± 0.06b

62.3 ± 2.40c

4.55 ± 0.22c

1.57 ± 012a

36.8 ± 1.20c

24.1 ± 1.80a

14.22 ± 0.10a

FM + Lp + Ll

7.46 ± 0.40a

7.44 ± 0.16d

5.61 ± 0.16c

2.01 ± 0.10a

67.2 ± 1.40a

5.28 ± 0.31a

1.5 ± 0.14c

39.2 ± 1.70a

24.3 ± 1.40a

14.45 ± 0.13a

PM

6.12 ± 0.50c

7.70 ± 0.23b

5.91 ± 0.17b

1.56 ± 0.11d

61.3 ± 2.00c

4.39 ± 0.18d

1.54 ± 0.15b

36.7 ± 1.60c

22.3 ± 1.30c

13.62 ± 0.11c

PM + Lp

6.33 ± 0.28b

7.61 ± 0.22c

5.72 ± 0.13c

1.68 ± 0.09c

64.2 ± 1.80b

4.43 ± 0.21d

1.53 ± 0.16b

36.8 ± 1.40c

23.6 ± 1.20b

14.10 ± 0.12a

PM + Ll

6.10 ± 0.20c

7.60 ± 0.18c

5.84 ± 0.14b

1.87 ± 0.08b

63.5 ± 1.70b

4.60 ± 0.24c

1.54 ± 0.14b

36.9 ± 1.30c

24.1 ± 1.30a

13.91 ± 0.11b

PM + Lp + Ll

7.25 ± 0.25a

7.51 ± 0.17d

5.73 ± 0.13c

1.90 ± 0.11a

66.2 ± 1.60a

4.81 ± 0.28b

1.49 ± 0.12c

37.1 ± 1.70a

24.0 ± 1.60a

14.11 ± 0.13a

  1. All abbreviations for treatments can be found in Table 1.
  2. Mean values (± SE) with different letters within a column are significantly different at P ≤ 0.05 according to Duncan’s multiple range test.
  3. LAB, lactic acid bacteria; CFU, colony forming unit; ECe, electrical conductivity of soil extract; OM, organic matter; N, nitrogen; P, phosphorus; BD, bulk density; TP, total porosity; θFc, field capacity; AW, available water.
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