Table 3 Effect of organic manure amendments and LAB on the vegetative growth characteristics of fennel plants (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) grown in saline calcareous soil.

From: Application of bio-organic amendments improves soil quality and yield of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) plants in saline calcareous soil

Treatment

PH (cm)

Number of branches

RL (cm)

Shoot (g plant−1)

Root (g plant−1)

FW

DW

FW

DW

C

98.7 ± 2.5f

3.3 ± 0.2g

13.6 ± 0.6g

236.3 ± 1.5g

128.3 ± 1.5h

50.0 + 1.7h

33.0 ± 2.9g

FM

116.8 ± 2.9e

4.7 ± 0.2ef

16.1 ± 0.3f

299.2 ± 2.1f

162.0 ± 1.7g

89.0 + 2.1f

48.0 ± 2.1e

FM + Lp

139.8 ± 3.1cd

6.6 ± 0.4c

18.7 ± 0.9e

409.7 ± 3.9d

209.0 ± 2.3e

119.7 + 2.9e

60.3 ± 2.0d

FM + Ll

144.8 ± 3.2c

5.3 ± 0.2de

23.5 ± 0.5c

373.3 ± 4.5e

184.0 ± 2.6f

118.3 + 2.6e

48.7 ± 2.3e

FM + Lp + Ll

183.8 ± 2.9a

9.8 ± 0.3a

29.8 ± 0.4a

844.7 ± 7.3a

466.7 ± 3.5a

229.7 + 2.8a

98.7 ± 2.9a

PM

119.7 ± 3.3e

4.1 ± 0.3fg

15.2 ± 0.3fg

304.0 ± 3.5f

181.3 ± 2.0f

79.0 + 2.5g

40.7 ± 2.6f

PM + Lp

132.8 ± 2.9d

6.7 ± 0.2c

20.7 ± 0.6d

409.0 ± 4.2d

229.0 ± 2.6d

141.7 + 2.4c

73.0 ± 2.9c

PM + Ll

133.6 ± 2.1d

5.7 ± 0.2d

22.6 ± 0.6c

549.0 ± 5.8c

295.7 ± 2.3c

127.0 + 2.9d

71.5 ± 2.4c

PM + Lp + Ll

162.6 ± 3.0b

8.1 ± 0.4b

27.9 ± 0.5b

794.0 ± 6.4b

399.0 ± 3.1b

159.0 + 3.2b

84.5 ± 2.9b

  1. All abbreviations for treatments can be found in Table 1.
  2. Mean values (± SE) with different letters within a column are significantly different at P ≤ 0.05 according to Duncan’s multiple range test.
  3. LAB, lactic acid bacteria; PH, plant height; RL, root length; FW, fresh weight; DW, dry weight.
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