Table 4 Effect of organic manure amendments and LAB on photosynthetic efficiency, osmoprotectants and soluble protein content of fennel plants (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) grown in saline calcareous soil.

From: Application of bio-organic amendments improves soil quality and yield of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) plants in saline calcareous soil

Treatment

Total Chl

Total Car

TSS

FAA

TPs

Pro

(mg g−1 FW)

(mg g−1 DW)

C

2.6 ± 0.10f

0.32 ± 0.01f

0.96 ± 0.01f

0.10 ± 0.00g

0.48 ± 0.02g

1.93 ± 0.04a

FM

2.9 ± 0.10e

0.48 ± 0.01e

1.06 ± 0.02e

0.11 ± 0.00f

0.74 ± 0.03f

1.28 ± 0.03ef

FM + Lp

3.4 ± 0.10cd

0.65 ± 0.01cd

1.11 ± 0.03de

0.12 ± 0.00de

0.82 ± 0.02e

1.61 ± 0.06b

FM + Ll

3.7 ± 0.10bc

0.74 ± 0.01bc

1.17 ± 0.02cd

0.13 ± 0.00c

1.09 ± 0.03c

1.46 ± 0.04cd

FM + Lp + Ll

4.5 ± 0.10a

1.08 ± 0.01a

1.30 ± 0.03b

0.18 ± 0.00a

1.78 ± 0.03a

1.24 ± 0.02f

PM

3.3 ± 0.10d

0.54 ± 0.01de

1.07 ± 0.03e

0.12 ± 0.00d

0.77 ± 0.02ef

1.38 ± 0.04de

PM + Lp

2.9 ± 0.10e

0.63 ± 0.01cde

1.19 ± 0.02c

0.11 ± 0.00f

0.98 ± 0.02d

1.50 ± 0.01c

PM + Ll

3.3 ± 0.10d

0.77 ± 0.01bc

1.22 ± 0.03c

0.12 ± 0.00ef

1.08 ± 0.01c

1.39 ± 0.03d

PM + Lp + Ll

3.9 ± 0.10b

0.90 ± 0.01b

1.39 ± 0.02a

0.15 ± 0.00b

1.24 ± 0.02b

1.11 ± 0.03g

  1. All abbreviations for treatments can be found in Table 1.
  2. Mean values (± SE) with different letters within a column are significantly different at P ≤ 0.05 according to Duncan’s multiple range test.
  3. LAB, lactic acid bacteria; Chl, chlorophyll; Car, carotenoids; TSS, total soluble sugars; FAA, free amino acids; TPs, total protein contents; Pro, proline; FW, fresh weight; DW, dry weight.
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