Table 1 SNR, RMSE, and PE indexes after noise reduction with different noise intensities.
From: Chaotic signal denoising based on energy selection TQWT and adaptive SVD
Index | Noise (dB) | Observed signal | FEM-SVD | TQWT | CEEMDAN-WT | MEEMD-LMS | TQWT-ASVD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SNR | − 5 | − 4.9867 | 4.9033 | 3.3684 | 4.0351 | 4.4773 | 7.1734 |
0 | − 0.0299 | 5.7536 | 5.0213 | 6.3739 | 6.5920 | 9.9678 | |
5 | 4.8822 | 10.3436 | 9.8792 | 11.1640 | 11.9920 | 14.5221 | |
10 | 9.9199 | 15.6098 | 13.5005 | 16.5561 | 16.1488 | 18.8470 | |
15 | 15.1918 | 19.5213 | 20.8698 | 20.5611 | 21.1821 | 24.3642 | |
20 | 20.1231 | 23.4926 | 24.6230 | 25.2248 | 25.5472 | 28.0388 | |
25 | 25.0310 | 28.2161 | 27.8189 | 27.9416 | 28.5083 | 29.9674 | |
RMSE | − 5 | 2.5506 | 0.8168 | 0.9747 | 0.9027 | 0.8579 | 0.6290 |
0 | 1.4415 | 0.7407 | 0.8058 | 0.6896 | 0.6725 | 0.4559 | |
5 | 0.8188 | 0.4366 | 0.4606 | 0.3973 | 0.3612 | 0.2699 | |
10 | 0.4585 | 0.2381 | 0.3036 | 0.2136 | 0.2238 | 0.1640 | |
15 | 0.2631 | 0.1518 | 0.1300 | 0.1347 | 0.1254 | 0.0869 | |
20 | 0.1400 | 0.0961 | 0.0844 | 0.0787 | 0.0758 | 0.0569 | |
25 | 0.0805 | 0.0517 | 0.0635 | 0.0576 | 0.0539 | 0.0456 | |
PE | − 5 | 0.9997 | 0.9960 | 0.7247 | 0.6032 | 0.6590 | 0.4981 |
0 | 0.9996 | 0.9993 | 0.7879 | 0.7311 | 0.7053 | 0.5047 | |
5 | 0.9999 | 0.9997 | 0.9989 | 0.7356 | 0.6881 | 0.5219 | |
10 | 0.9987 | 0.9066 | 0.9962 | 0.7002 | 0.6640 | 0.5285 | |
15 | 0.9987 | 0.6279 | 0.9927 | 0.6746 | 0.6542 | 0.5254 | |
20 | 0.9922 | 0.8254 | 0.9068 | 0.6575 | 0.6070 | 0.5295 | |
25 | 0.9613 | 0.7505 | 0.8577 | 0.6068 | 0.6017 | 0.5283 |
