Figure 5
Mitochondrial morphology and dynamics: regulation of mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Electron microscopy (EM) imaging to identify changes in mitochondrial morphology (N = six images of N = 3/group). Shown are (A) typical examples of EM images focused on the mitochondria, (B) mitochondrial number per field, (C) average area per mitochondria in squared micrometres (µm2), and in (D) total mitochondrial area per field of 152 µm2. Molecular markers for mitochondrial dynamics including mitochondrial biogenesis, fission and fusion and mitophagy. Shown are (E) typical examples of western blots, full western blots including the loading controls are attached in Supplementary Figs. S5–S12 and in (F) a panel of protein levels including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF2), phosphorylation of mitochondrial fission factor 1 (pMFF1), optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), light chain 3B II (LC3BII), Parkin and ubiquitin protein 62 (p62) (N = 3/group). Raw EM data with zoomable files at high resolution are accessible at www.nanotomy.org. WT, wild type mice; AKIP1-TG, AKIP1 transgenic mice. Graphs represent mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical analysis for comparing two groups was performed with Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U test. < 0.05 was considered statistically significant; p* < 0.05.
