Table 1 Reaction model54.

From: Physicochemical Characterization of Woody Lignocellulosic Biomass and Charcoal for Bio-energy Heat Generation

S/N

Reaction models

\(f(\alpha )\)

\(g(\alpha )\)

Nucleation models

1

Power Law

\(4{\alpha }^{3/4}\)

\({\alpha }^{1/4}\)

2

Power Law

\(3{\alpha }^{2/3}\)

\({\alpha }^{1/3}\)

3

Power Law

\(2{\alpha }^{1/2}\)

\({\alpha }^{1/2}\)

4

Avrami-Erofeev

\(4\left(1-\alpha \right){\left[-ln\left(1-\alpha \right)\right]}^{3/4}\)

\({\left[-ln\left(1-\alpha \right)\right]}^{1/4}\)

5

Avrami-Erofeev

\(3\left(1-\alpha \right){\left[-ln\left(1-\alpha \right)\right]}^{2/3}\)

\({\left[-ln\left(1-\alpha \right)\right]}^{1/3}\)

6

Avrami-Erofeev

\(2\left(1-\alpha \right){\left[-ln\left(1-\alpha \right)\right]}^{1/2}\)

\({\left[-ln\left(1-\alpha \right)\right]}^{1/2}\)

Diffusion models

7

One dimensional diffusion

\(\left(1/2\right)\left(\alpha -1\right)\)

\(\alpha \)

8

Diffusion control (janders)

\( 2{\left(1-\alpha \right)}^{2/3}.{\left[1-{\left(1-\alpha \right)}^{1/3}\right]}^{-1}\)

\( {\left[1-{\left(1-\alpha \right)}^{1/3}\right]}^{2}\)

9

Diffusion control (crank)

\(3/2{\left[{\left(1-\alpha \right)}^{-1/3}-1\right]}^{-1}\)

\(1-2/3\alpha -{\left(1-\alpha \right)}^{2/3}\)

Reaction order and geometrical contraction models

 

10

Mampel (first order)

\(\left(1-\alpha \right)\)

\(-ln\left(1-\alpha \right)\)

11

Second order

\({\left(1-\alpha \right)}^{n}\)

\(\left[{\left(1-\alpha \right)}^{-1}-1\right]\)

12

Contracting cylinder

\(2{\left(1-\alpha \right)}^{1/2}\)

\(1-{\left(1-\alpha \right)}^{1/2}\)

13

Contracting sphere

\(3{\left(1-\alpha \right)}^{2/3}\)

\(1-{\left(1-\alpha \right)}^{1/3}\)