Table 1 Background matching and disruptive coloration of praying mantis of different morphospecies against trunk backgrounds in the southern Amazon rainforest. Summary results of the analysis of variance applied to linear mixed-effects models testing differences in colour and luminance contrasts (as JNDs—just-noticeable differences) and edge disruption (as GabRat) based on the vision of the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) between different trunk backgrounds. For all models, mantis identity was included as a random factor to control for repeated measurements made in the same individual. Significant differences are shown in bold.
Colour JNDs | Luminance JNDs | GabRat | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
df | MS | F | p | MS | F | p | df | MS | F | p | |
White mantis | |||||||||||
Background | 2 | 2.130 | 25.54 | < 0.001 | 47.993 | 3.55 | 0.046 | 1 | 0.029 | 0.97 | 0.347 |
Residuals | 22 | 0.083 | 13.522 | 11 | 0.030 | ||||||
Grey mantis | |||||||||||
Background | 2 | 0.477 | 4.82 | 0.042 | 0.010 | 0.03 | 0.967 | 1 | 2.27e-6 | 0.001 | 0.98 |
Residuals | 8 | 0.099 | 0.291 | 4 | 0.002 | ||||||
Green mantis | |||||||||||
Background | 2 | 3.233 | 18.36 | < 0.001 | 4.619 | 17.34 | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.847 | 9.28 | 0.014 |
Residuals | 18 | 0.176 | 0.266 | 9 | 0.091 | ||||||