Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: A gut microbial metabolite of linoleic acid ameliorates liver fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β signaling in hepatic stellate cells

Figure 5

Effect of HYA on TGF-β signaling in human hepatic stellate LX-2 cells. (A) Immunoblot analysis of total and phosphorylated (p) forms of Smad3 in LX-2 cells incubated in the absence or presence of TGF-β (1 ng/mL) and HYA (10 or 30 µM) for 2 h. A representative blot and densitometric quantitation of the pSmad3/Smad3 band intensity ratio are shown. (B) RT-qPCR analysis of mRNA abundance for fibrosis-related genes in LX-2 cells incubated in the absence (control) or presence of TGF-β (1 ng/ml), HYA (10 μM), or LA (10 μM) for 24 h. All quantitative data are means ± SEM from three independent experiments (n = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus control; †p < 0.05, ††p < 0.01, †††p < 0.001 versus TGF-β alone; ###p < 0.001 versus TGF-β plus HYA (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test).

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