Table 2 Parameters of numerical simulation23.

From: Experimental study on failure characteristics and rheological properties of pillar-like rock samples with different shapes

Contact

Elastic modulus/E(GPa)

Poisson’s ratio

Cohesive force/C(MPa)

Internal friction angle/Φ°

Normal stiffness (Kn) GPa/m

Shear stiffness (Ks) GPa/m

Joint of coarse yellow sandstone

19

0.20

19

38

4.2e4

4.2e3