Table 2 Demographics (N = 109).

From: Increased functional connectivity in the right dorsal auditory stream after a full year of piano training in healthy older adults

 

Mean (sd)

Group comparison

PP

MC

Statistic

p

Age

69.28 (3.28)

69.51 (3.96)

t = 0.33

0.74

Males/females

25/31

24/29

χ2 = 0.005

0.95

Education

3.91 (1.38)

3.85 (1.41)

χ2 = 2.77

0.74

COGTEL score

31.44 (6.87)

32.46 (7.39)

t = 0.74

0.46

Gold-MSI score

49.68 (12.33)

49.77 (11.62)

t = 0.41

0.97

  1. Group comparisons did not reveal any significant differences between both groups in age, gender, education level and COGTEL score. Group differences were calculated using a two-sample independent t test for age and COGTEL score, and a chi-squared test for gender and education. Education is a categorical variable with 6 levels (1 = primary school, 2 = middle school, 3 = high school, 4 = Bachelor’s degree, 5 = Master’s degree, 6 = doctorate degree).
  2. COGTEL cognitive telephone screening instrument, Gold-MSI goldsmiths musical sophistication index, PP piano practice group, MC music listening/musical culture group, sd standard deviation.
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