Table 1 Classification of the IES.

From: Evaluation of industrial ecology in the π-shaped curve area of China’s Yellow River based on the grey Lotka–Volterra model

Development Level

Classification criteria (level 1 is the highest)

City

High-level

Both the ISI and the ESI are at level 1

Taiyuan

Medium-level

Neither the ISI nor the ESI is at level 3 at most one of them is at level 1

Yanan, Xinzhou, Bayannur, Baotou, Ordos, Wuhai, Yinchuan, Lvliang, Linfen, Shuozhou, Datong

Low-level

At least one of the ISI and the ESI is at level 3

Zhongwei, Wuzhong, Yulin, Shizuishan, Hohhot

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