Figure 1

DNA damage response (DDR)-related genes are upregulated in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). (A) Schematic depicting workflow of re-analysis of our RNA-seq data. Benign prostate (Benign, N = 6), localized prostate cancer (Pca, N = 8), and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC, N = 6) tissues were used. Genes upregulated in CRPC tissues compared with localized prostate cancer (Pca) (RPKM > 1 in CRPC tissues, Mann–Whitney test, P < 0.05). Obtained protein-coding genes (919 gene symbols) were used for functional annotations in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) pathway analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) term analysis. Seven overlapped genes associated with DDR (DNA repair, DNA replication) were selected. (B) mRNA expression levels of potential DDR-related genes in benign prostate, localized Pca and CRPC tissues. RNA sequence data²¹ was used to analyze the expression levels. The results are presented as mean and SD. P-value was determined by Mann–Whitney test between Pca and CRPC tissues. (C) mRNA expression levels of DDR-related genes in LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells. Data from microarray analysis in LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells²² is shown by the heat map. RPKM: reads per kilobase of exon per million mapped reads.