Table 2 Associations between smoking and serum α-klotho level.

From: Association between cigarette smoking and serum alpha klotho levels among US adults over 40-years-old: a cross-sectional study

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

β (95% CI)

P-value

β (95% CI)

P-value

β (95% CI)

P-value

β (95% CI)

P-value

Never smoking

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Quit smoking

− 34.76 (− 50.02 to − 19.49)

< 0.0001

− 19.73 (− 34.43 to − 5.03)

0.0104

− 12.16 (− 27.99 to 3.68)

0.1377

− 12.54 (− 27.86 to 2.79)

0.1148

Habitual smoking

− 43.53 (− 62.79 to − 24.27)

< 0.0001

− 46.59 (− 66.37 to − 26.80)

< 0.0001

− 35.30 (− 56.75 to − 13.85)

0.002

− 34.89 (− 54.97 to − 14.81)

0.0013

P for trend

 

< 0.0001

 

< 0.0001

 

0.0021

 

0.0011

  1. Model 1: crude model.
  2. Model 2: adjusted for age + sex + race/ethnicity.
  3. Model 3: adjusted for Model 2 + BMI + marital status + PIR + education level + alcohol consumption.
  4. Model 4: adjusted for Model 3 + diabetes + hypertension + CKD + CVD + COPD + cancer.
  5. 95%CI, 95% Confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; PIR, Ratio of family income to poverty; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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