Table 1 Summary of statistical analysis results for ERPs in the proactive driving task.

Brain region	ERP	Latency (ms)	Predictor	β	SE	t-value	p-value	Cohen’s d	95% CIs
Brain region	ERP	Latency (ms)	Predictor	β	SE	t-value	p-value	Cohen’s d	Lower	Upper
Frontal	N2	250	Intercept	− 1.31	0.226	− 5.783	< 0.0001	1.12	− 1.76	− 0.859
	N2	250	Condition	0.152	0.07	2.184	0.032*	0.42	0.014	0.29
	SFN	324.2	Intercept	− 1.57	0.208	− 7.564	< 0.0001	1.45	− 1.983	− 1.157
	SFN	324.2	Condition	0.19	0.078	2.422	0.018*	0.47	0.034	0.346
Parietal	P2	160.2	Intercept	1.501	0.382	3.927	< 0.0001	0.76	0.74	2.261
	P2	160.2	Condition	0.168	0.076	2.193	0.031*	0.43	0.016	0.32
	P3	300.8	Intercept	2.245	0.289	7.762	< 0.0001	1.49	1.67	2.821
	P3	300.8	Condition	− 0.318	0.101	− 3.16	0.002**	0.61	− 0.518	− 0.118
Occipital	N1	117.2	Intercept	− 3.783	0.469	− 8.062	< 0.0001	1.55	− 4.717	− 2.85
	N1	117.2	Condition	0.46	0.09	5.092	< 0.0001***	0.98	0.28	0.64
	P2	203.1	Intercept	2.267	0.478	4.741	< 0.0001	0.91	1.316	3.218
	P2	203.1	Condition	− 0.322	0.126	− 2.549	0.013*	0.49	− 0.574	− 0.071

β denotes the estimates, SE is the standard error, and Cohen’s d represents the standardized effect size. The LME model analyzed data from 84 observations, which were collected from 28 participants.
*p < 0.05.
**p < 0.01.
***p < 0.001.

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