Table 1 Comparison of spontaneous activity in hippocampal neurons in the presence of glucose or BHB as substrates at 5% O2 or ambient conditions.

From: Ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) preserves mitochondrial bioenergetics

 

Ambient

5% O2

    

MgCl2 free

    

(A)

    

 Glucose (15 mM)

2.82 ± 0.07

3.50 ± 0.07

    

 BHB

2.65 ± 0.07

2.58 ± 0.06***

    
 

Ambient

5% O2

Ambient

5% O2

Ambient

5% O2

 + MgCl2 (1)

MgCl2 free (2)

 + MgCl2 (3)

(B)

 Glucose (15 mM)

22.13 ± 1.36

14.18 ± 0.99

28.45 ± 1.41

33.95 ± 1.42

11.50 ± 0.96

9.78 ± 0.94

 BHB

14.15 ± 0.58***

14.54 ± 0.36

21.53 ± 0.80***

26.08 ± 0.47***

5.58 ± 0.66***

5.05 ± 0.22***

  1. (A) Area under the curve calculations. (B) Peak counts in the three different sections of the experimental procedure, i.e., in basal state (1), after external magnesium withdrawal (2) and after magnesium re-addition (3). All data represent mean values ± SEM from 3–4 independent experiments, in a total of 157–238 regions of interest (ROIs). Statistical significance was assessed with two-tailed unpaired Student's t test. In A, ***p < 0.001, comparing 15 mM glucose at 5% O2 versus BHB at 5% O2In B, Peak counts: ***p < 0.001, comparing 15 mM glucose versus BHB at different O2 concentrations and specifies significant down-regulation.
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