Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Broadband optical vortex beam generation using flat-surface nanostructured gradient index vortex phase masks

Figure 2

Schematic of measurement setups for studies on the ability of the fabricated BnVPM on the generation of optical vortex beams in a broadband infrared wavelength range. Setups for observing doughnut-like intensity distribution (a); for observing the phase singularity and determining the topological charge of the generated OVBs using astigmatic transformation (b); and Mach–Zehnder interferometer configuration (c).

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