Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Unlearned adaptive responses to heterospecific referential alarm calls in two bird species from separate evolutionary lineages

Figure 1The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Examples of typical sonograms of syllable types recorded in parental alarm calls in response to three predators: jays, cats, and snakes by the Varied tit (A) and the Oriental tit (B). Grey boxes under each syllable type indicate that they were observed in respective experimental treatments, with the median proportion of each syllable type calculated across multiple samples for each treatment exceeding 1%. Proportions were determined by aggregating the duration of all syllables in each syllable type in a recording and dividing the value by the total duration of all syllables within that recording. Additionally, boxplots illustrating the proportions of syllable types are provided beneath the sonogram of syllables for each species. The bird images of the both study species were drawn by Jungmoon Ha, the first author of the paper.

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