Table 2 Predictors of all-cause mortality.

From: Phenogrouping and risk stratification of patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy upgrade using topological data analysis

 

Univariable Cox regression

HR (95% CI)

Multivariable Cox regression

HR (95% CI)

Age, years

1.031 (1.011–1.051), p = 0.003

1.011 (0.987–1.037), p = 0.369

Male

1.549 (1.080–2.222), p = 0.018

2.045 (1.209–3.460), p = 0.008

CRT-D

0.551 (0.376–0.809), p = 0.002

0.516 (0.332–0.804), p = 0.003

NYHA functional class III-IV

1.294 (0.961–1.743), p = 0.090

 

Medical history

 Atrial fibrillation

1.364 (1.009–1.844), p = 0.044

1.178 (0.806–1.721), p = 0.398

 Diabetes mellitus

1.265 (0.935–1.710), p = 0.127

 

 Hypertension

0.931 (0.658–1.317), p = 0.686

 

 Ischemic etiology of HF

1.927 (1.420–2.617), p < 0.001

1.205 (0.815–1.781), p = 0.350

 Myocardial infarction

1.941 (1.439–2.619), p < 0.001

 

 PCI

1.485 (1.093–2.017), p = 0.011

 

 CABG

1.253 (0.857–1.832), p = 0.244

 

 Time to upgrade, years

0.979 (0.949–1.009), p = 0.168

 

Laboratory parameters

 Creatinine (251)

1.004 (1.001–1.007), p = 0.004

1.003 (0.815–1.781), p = 0.129

 GFR (251)

0.990 (0.982–0.998), p = 0.011

 

Echocardiographic parameters

 LVIDd (280)

1.020 (0.999–1.042), p = 0.061

 

 LVIDs (224)

1.016 (0.996–1.035), p = 0.111

 

 LVEF (292)

0.978 (0.958–0.998), p = 0.035

0.979 (0.956–1.003), p = 0.084

Medications

 ACE-I/ARB

0.578 (0.365–0.915), p = 0.019

0.765 (0.443–1.322), p = 0.337

 Beta-blocker

0.653 (0.417–1.023), p = 0.063

 

 Loop diuretics

2.004 (1.292–3.108), p = 0.002

1.785 (1.061–3.001), p = 0.029

 MRA

1.066 (0.778–1.461), p = 0.692

 

 Amiodarone

0.971 (0.639–1.475), p = 0.890

 
  1. The value in parenthesis after a feature’s name indicates the number of patients with available data. If no value is reported, the given feature is available for all patients.
  2. ACE-I angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, CABG coronary artery bypass graft surgery, CI confidence interval, CRT-D cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator, GFR glomerular filtration rate, HF heart failure, HR hazard ratio, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVIDd left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole, LVIDs left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole, MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, NYHA New York Heart Association, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention.
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