Table 3 Clinical characteristics of the phenogroups.

Age, years*

75.2 (69.4–78.9)

73.8 (66.2–79.1)

72.4 (68.9–78.1)^†

Male*

53 (58)

82 (75)^†

87 (93)^†‡

CRT-D*

42 (46)

31 (28)^†

33 (35)

NYHA functional class III-IV*

37 (40)

53 (49)

50 (53)

Medical history

 Atrial fibrillation*

59 (64)

54 (50)

45 (48)^†

 Diabetes mellitus*

25 (27)

43 (39)

45 (48)^†

 Hypertension*

72 (78)

82 (75)

70 (75)

 Ischemic etiology of HF*

2 (2)

51 (47)^†

94 (100)^†‡

 Myocardial infarction*

1 (1)

39 (36)^†

63 (67)^†‡

 PCI*

0 (0)

36 (33)^†

61 (65)^†‡

 CABG*

1 (1)

21 (19)^†

28 (30)^†

 Time to upgrade, years

5.7 (2.5–9.3)

6.1 (2.4–11.2)

3.9 (1.7–7.7)^‡

Laboratory parameters

 NT-proBNP, pg/mL (98)

2,834 (1,548–4,797)

2,847 (1,206–5,211)

3,000 (1,754–5,043)

 Creatinine, μmol/L (225)*

96 (80–111)

119 (89–149)^†

120 (95–151)^†

 GFR, mL/min/1.73m² (225)*

65 (50–80)

53 (38–74)^†

53 (42–72)^†

Echocardiographic parameters

 LVIDd, mm (249)*

59 ± 5

60 ± 11^†

64 ± 7^†‡

 LVIDs, mm (202)*

48 ± 5

49 ± 12^†

54 ± 7^†‡

 LVEF, % (261)*

30 (28–35)

30 (25–35)

28 (25–32)^†‡

Medications

 ACE-I/ARB

86 (94)

97 (89)

88 (94)

 Beta-blocker

85 (92)

97 (89)

87 (93)

 Loop diuretics

67 (73)

86 (79)

82 (87)^†

 MRA

63 (69)

78 (72)

61 (65)

 Amiodarone

15 (16)

20 (18)

15 (16)