Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants.

From: Humoral and cellular immunity against different SARS-CoV-2 variants in patients with chronic kidney disease

 

All patients (n = 88)

KTRs

Prior infection

Noa (n = 69)

Yesb (n = 19)

P valuec

No (n = 59)

Yes (n = 29)

P valuec

Demographics

 Median age in years (IQR)

58 (51–71)

62 (52–72)

53 (51–58)

0.016

58 (51–70)

63 (51–72)

0.365

 Sex

  Female

44 (50)

37 (53.6)

7 (36.8)

0.300

29 (49.2)

15 (51.7)

1.000

  Male

44 (50)

32 (46.4)

12 (63.2)

 

30 (50.8)

14 (48.3)

 

Cause of renal failure

 Diabetes mellitus

24 (27.3)

20 (29.0)

4 (21.1)

0.573

14 (23.7)

10 (34.5)

0.316

 Hypertension

1 (1.1)

0 (0)

1 (5.3)

0.216

1 (1.7)

0 (0)

1.000

 Glomerulonephritis

39 (44.3)

29 (42.0)

10 (52.6)

0.444

29 (49.2)

10 (34.5)

0.255

 Othersd

24 (27.3)

20 (29.0)

4 (21.1)

0.573

15 (25.4)

9 (31.0)

0.616

 Immunosuppressant

  Any

39 (44.3)

21 (30.4)

18 (94.7)

 < 0.001

25 (42.4)

14 (48.3)

0.652

  Prednisolone

36 (40.9)

20 (29.0)

16 (84.2)

 < 0.001

23 (39.0)

13 (44.8)

0.649

  Calcineurin inhibitors

27 (30.7)

10 (14.5)

17 (89.5)

 < 0.001

14 (23.7)

13 (44.8)

0.052

  Anti-metabolite

18 (20.5)

6 (8.7)

12 (63.2)

 < 0.001

15 (25.4)

3 (10.3)

0.159

  mTOR inhibitor

3 (3.4)

0 (0)

3 (15.8)

0.009

2 (3.4)

1 (3.4)

1.000

  Single Immunosuppressive drug

7 (8)

7 (10.1)

0 (0)

0.338

6 (10.2)

1 (3.4)

0.418

  Combination immunosuppressive drugs

32 (36.4)

14 (20.3)

18 (94.7)

 < 0.001

19 (32.2)

13 (44.8)

0.346

KTRs

19 (21.6)

NA

NA

NA

12 (20.3)

7 (24.1)

0.784

Blood test

 Median creatinine (IQR)

694 (131–936)

742 (362–965)

119 (108–158)

 < 0.001

656 (135–937)

694 (125–938)

0.918

 Median eGFR (ml/min)e (IQR)

8.5 (4.0–48.5)

5.5 (4–25)

53 (38–64)

 < 0.001

8 (4–45)

11 (4–48)

0.943

COVID-19 infection

 Infected prior to blood specimen collection

29 (33.0)

22 (31.9)

7 (36.8)

0.784

NA

NA

NA

Vaccine doses

 Received at least 1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine

80 (90.9)

61 (88.4)

19 (100)

0.193

55 (93.2)

25 (86.2)

0.431

 Completed primary series

75 (85.2)

56 (81.2)

19 (100)

0.062

55 (93.2)

20 (69.0)

0.008

 Received at least 1 booster

53 (60.2)

35 (50.7)

18 (94.7)

 < 0.001

41 (69.5)

12 (41.4)

0.020

Vaccine typee

 CoronaVac only

30 (37.5)f

25 (41.0)f

5 (26.3)f

0.337

20 (36.4)f

10 (40.0)f

0.597

 BNT162b2 only

43 (53.8)f

30 (49.2)f

13 (68.4)f

 

29 (52.7)f,g

14 (56.0)f,g

 

 BNT162b2 plus CoronaVac

7 (8.8)f

6 (9.8)f

1 (5.3)f

 

6 (10.9)f,g

1 (4.0)f,g

 

Median number of days between the last dose of vaccination or last episode of infection and specimen collectionh

130 (84–173)

138 (84–171)

110 (62–196)

0.987

129 (73–171)

131 (90–174)

0.974

  1. Data are n (%) unless otherwise specified.
  2. Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IQR, interquartile range; KTRs, kidney transplant recipients.
  3. a54 patients are dialysis dependent (29 patients with hemodialysis; 25 patients with peritoneal dialysis).
  4. bThe median time interval since the last transplantation was 18 years (IQR: 8–26 years).
  5. cThe P values were calculated using Mann Whitney U test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.
  6. dInclude polycystic kidney disease, renal angiolipomyoma, obstructive uropathy, CKD of unknown cause.
  7. eFor the purpose of statistical analysis, a value of 91 was used if the eGFR is greater than 90.
  8. fOnly included the 80 patients who have received at least one dose of vaccine.
  9. gOf the 37 patients who were vaccinated with BTN162b2 but did not report infection, 2 tested positive for antibody against SARS-CoV-2 N protein and were classified as infected.
  10. hExcluded 4 patients who were not infected and not vaccinated. For patients in which the date of infection cannot be ascertained, the date of last vaccination was used for the calculation.
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