Table 6 Univariate logistic regression model showing factors associated with depression.

Demographics

 Sex (vs. male)

  Female

1.00 (0.72–1.41)

 Age, y (vs. aged < 37 years)

  37–41

1.03 (0.61–1.73)

  42–45

0.82 (0.48–1.40)

  ≥ 46

0.85 (0.50–1.42)

Prevention against COVID-19

Prevention against COVID-19 (vs. not practiced)

  Practiced

0.58 (0.16–2.16)

 Change in social contacts (vs. no change)^b

  Reduced

1.22 (0.82–1.82)

  Increased

0.67 (0.08–5.47)

ART continuity

 Access to ART during COVID-19 (vs. continued receiving ART from patient’s regular doctor)

  Temporarily received ART at another hospital

1.47 (0.81–2.67)

 Discontinuation of ART because of COVID-19 (vs. not discontinued)

  Discontinued

1.75 (0.56–5.50)

Support for continuing ART and HIV care during COVID-19 (vs. received)

  Not received

0.36 (0.05–2.77)

Risky health behaviors

 Binge drinking in the past month (vs. no episodes of having > 5 drinks)

  > 5 drinks on one occasion

2.04 (1.29–3.23)

 Change in alcohol consumption (vs. non-drinker/no change)^b

  Decreased

1.43 (0.97–2.12)

  Increased

3.74 (0.62–22.65)

 Used illegal drug in the past 3 months (vs. no use)

  Used

0.64 (0.08–5.16)

 Change in illicit drug use (vs. non-user/no change)^b

  Decreased

1.02 (0.12–8.78)

  Increased

–

 Change in the number of sex partners (vs. no change)^b

  Decreased

1.38 (0.29–6.59)

  Increased

1.11 (0.13–9.55)

Change in condom use (vs. no change)^b

  Increased

2.68 (0.24–29.77)

  Decreased

1.79 (0.36–8.95)

Economic impact

 Change in employment status (vs. no change)^b

  Lost job

4.14 (2.69–6.37)

  Reduced working hours

1.64 (1.03–2.63)

  Increased working hours

4.63 (1.32–16.27)

  Other

1.74 (0.69–4.36)

 Current financial status (vs. no problem)

  A little challenging

3.61 (2.17–6.01)

  Very challenging

7.28 (4.18–12.68)

  Other

–

 Financial assistance from public authorities (vs. never received)

  Ever received

0.71 (0.33–1.51)