Figure 1

(a) Sample collection and procedure. A total of 71 participants were recruited in Australia and Singapore. A nasal swab and a venous blood sample were collected from each participant. Three lateral flow assays were simultaneously used to test the two samples from each participant. (b, c) Anbio, and (d, e) GenScript qualitative colloidal gold neutralisation test. (f, g) Anbio quantitative fluorescence neutralisation test.