Figure 3
P. vivax connectivity in Ethiopia using measures of IBD. Panels (a–f) present cluster plots illustrating the relatedness between infections, as measured using identity by descent (IBD) measures of genetic distance, at thresholds ranging from 0.05 (minimum 5% genome shared) to 0.95 (minimum 95% genome shared, largely reflecting clones). At the 0.05 threshold, all infections aside from SGH-1-357 are connected to at least one other infection. At the 0.05 and 0.075 thresholds, the majority of isolates from Gondar and North Shewa form a distal cluster to the other districts. The isolates from Jimma also display relatively lower connectivity to the other districts. At the 0.1 threshold, geographic trends are less apparent, but multiple connections remain between infections within and between districts, particularly in North Shewa, West Arsi and Sidama. At the 0.25–0.95 thresholds (half-siblings and greater), connections are only observed within districts. The plots are based on data generated using n = 102 independent monoclonal infections.
