Figure 5
From: Muscle-driven simulations and experimental data of cycling
The mean compressive tibiofemoral forces ± 2 SD with an objective cost function, J1, minimizing muscle excitations only (solid line, light shading) and an objective cost function, J2, minimizing muscle excitations and tibiofemoral forces (dashed line, dark shading). Data for the right leg are presented. With the addition of a tibiofemoral force penalty (J2), tibiofemoral forces were reduced throughout the revolution.
