Table 4 The impact of acidified biochar on soil pH, organic matter, phosphorus contents, and potassium after two season of maize crop grown in the spring and autumn season utilizing wastewater irrigation.

From: Enhancing maize productivity by mitigating alkaline soil challenges through acidified biochar and wastewater irrigation

Biochar rate

pH

Organic matter

Phosphorous content

Potassium content

Spring 2022

 0

8.14 ± 0.33a

0.72 A ± 0.07a

5.4 ± 1.04a

164.00 ± 4.36a

 5

7.86 ± 0.27a

0.91 A ± 0.02ab

6.93 ± 2.57ab

167.67 ± 7.51a

 10

7.65 ± 0.36a

1.13 A ± 0.07b

10.13 ± 3.33c

226.33 ± 10.21b

Autumn 2022

 0

8.160 ± 0.33a

0.8 A ± 0.07a

7.27 ± 3.83a

155.33 ± 16.17a

 5

7.716 ± 0.36a

0.93 A ± 0.12ab

7.20 ± 2.5ab

165.33 ± 14.57a

 10

7.601 ± 0.33a

1.06 A ± 0.11b

12.27 ± 3.72bc

202.00 ± 19.08b

  1. Values are the mean and standard deviation (n = 3). Values with the same letters within the season are statistically not significant at p < 0.05.
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