Figure 3
From: Dephasingless laser wakefield acceleration in the bubble regime
Dependence of plasma wave and electron beam properties on the focal trajectory. The on-axis, longitudinal electric field of the wake \(E_z\) for normalized focal velocities (a) specified by Eq. (4), (b) set to 0.9995, and (c) set to 1.0. The resulting normalized velocity of the focus \(\beta _{\rm{f}}\) (dashed-dot) and the back of the wake \(\beta _{\rm{w}}\) (dashed) are also shown. (d) The total trapped charge in the first bubble for cases (a)–(c). (e,f) Energy gain of the ionization-injected electrons in the first bubble for the cases (b,c), respectively. Only for the accelerating focus was the trapped charge both accelerated and maintained over the entire focal region.
