Table 2 Study variables through four follow-up examinations in males and females.

From: The association between leisure-time physical activity and blood pressure changes from adolescence to young adulthood: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

 

Male

Female

Follow-up examination 1

Follow-up examination 2

Follow-up examination 3

Follow-up examination 4

Trend

Follow-up examination 1

Follow-up examination 2

Follow-up examination 3

Follow-up examination 4

Trend

β

P-value

β

P-value

Age (Year)

18.14 ± 2.37

21.76 ± 2.48

25.06 ± 2.46

28.08 ± 2.42

3.27

 < 0.001

18.33 ± 2.24

21.71 ± 2.34

25.03 ± 2.49

28.08 ± 2.46

3.23

 < 0.001

Smoking (%)

118 (17.4)

158 (23.3)

185 (27.4)

207 (30.7)

–

–

46 (6.3)

32 (4.4)

38 (5.2)

50 (6.8)

–

–

BMI (kg/m2)

23.54 ± 4.9

24.72 ± 5.05

24.96 ± 4.88

25.78 ± 5.27

0.97

 < 0.001

22.43 ± 4.08

23.36 ± 4.3

23.72 ± 4.43

23.96 ± 4.53

0.61

 < 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

108.46 ± 11.38

111.20 ± 12.07

110.79 ± 11.85

111.2 ± 11.32

1.38

 < 0.001

99.10 ± 10.82

100.30 ± 10.73

101.04 ± 11.31

99.99 ± 10.31

0.10

0.45

DBP (mmHg)

70.37 ± 8.89

73.26 ± 9.07

73.58 ± 8.50

75.13 ± 8.38

1.81

 < 0.001

66.34 ± 8.81

67.81 ± 8.89

68.09 ± 8.68

68.14 ± 8.10

0.02

0.83

LTPA (MET-hour/week)

21.21 ± 23.75

18.31 ± 20.76

17.21 ± 18.15

16.12 ± 16.10

-2.77

 < 0.001

11.05 ± 15.82

9.36 ± 11.19

8.53 ± 10.10

8.19 ± 10.27

-1.43

 < 0.001

Insufficient LTPA (%)

445 (65.6)

407 (60.0)

371 (54.7)

389 (57.4)

–

–

612 (83.4)

570 (77.7)

586 (79.8)

576 (78.5)

–

–

  1. All the mentioned variables were significantly different between males and females except for age in each follow-up examination (P < 0.001).
  2. β represents the difference in the mean value of each variable over follow-up examinations.
  3. Values are Mean (SD) for continuous variables.
  4. BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LTPA, leisure time physical activity.
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