Table 2 Clinical outcomes of patients with hypernatremia, hyponatremia and normonatremia at the time of ICU admission.
Outcomes | Hypernatremia | P-value | Hyponatremia | P-value | Normonatremia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ICU mortality | |||||
Frequency (%) | 1927/9098 (21.2%) | 4697/40,533 (11.6%) | 8909/112,395 (7.9%) | ||
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 3.12 (2.96–3.30) | < 0.001 | 1.52 (1.47–1.58) | < 0.001 | Reference |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.27 (1.19–1.36) | < 0.001 | 1.14 (1.08–1.19) | < 0.001 | |
Hospital mortality | |||||
Frequency (%) | 3026/9098 (33.3%) | 8207/40,553 (20.2%) | 15,275/112,395 (13.6%) | ||
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 3.17 (3.02–3.32) | < 0.001 | 1.61 (1.57–1.66) | < 0.001 | Reference |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.52 (1.43–1.62) | < 0.001 | 1.21 (1.17–1.26) | < 0.001 | |
ICU length of stay1 | |||||
Median (IQR), days | 3.4 (1.7–7.6) | 2.6 (1.3–5.1) | 1.9 (1.0–4.0) | ||
Unadjusted IRR (95% CI) | 1.68 (1.65–1.72) | < 0.001 | 1.25 (1.24–1.27) | < 0.001 | Reference |
Adjusted IRR (95% CI) | 1.29 (1.26–1.31) | < 0.001 | 1.07 (1.06–1.08) | < 0.001 | |
Hospital length of stay1 | |||||
Median (IQR), days | 23 (10–50) | 18 (9–39) | 15 (8–33) | ||
Unadjusted IRR (95% CI) | 1.41 (1.38–1.44) | < 0.001 | 1.03 (1.02–1.04) | < 0.001 | Reference |
Adjusted IRR (95% CI) | 1.25 (1.23–1.28) | < 0.001 | 1.03 (1.02–1.04) | < 0.001 | |
Adverse neurological outcome2 | |||||
Frequency (%) | 253/1154 (21.9%) | 920/6428 (14.3%) | 22,389/154,444 (14.5%) | ||
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.66 (1.44–1.91) | < 0.001 | 0.99 (0.92–1.06) | 0.68 | Reference |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.46 (1.26–1.68) | < 0.001 | 1.18 (1.09–1.27) | < 0.001 | |
Hospital discharge destination | |||||
i. Home (use as reference) | 3967/9098 (43.6%) | 24,394/40,533 (60.2%) | 76,909/112,395 (68.4%) | ||
ii. Transfers | |||||
Frequency (%) | 2081/9098 (22.9%) | 7844/40,533 (19.4%) | 19,979/112,395 (17.8%) | ||
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 2.02 (1.91–2.13) | < 0.001 | 1.24 (1.20–1.28) | < 0.001 | Reference |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.57 (1.48–1.67) | < 0.001 | 1.04 (1.01–1.08) | 0.008 | |
iii. Death | |||||
Frequency (%) | 3028/9098 (33.3%) | 8210/40,533 (20.3%) | 15,284/112,395 (13.6%) | ||
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 3.84 (3.65–4.04) | < 0.001 | 1.69 (1.64–1.75) | < 0.001 | Reference |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.85 (1.73–1.97) | < 0.001 | 1.23 (1.18–1.28) | < 0.001 | |
iv. Others | |||||
Frequency (%) | 22/9098 (0.2%) | 85/40,533 (0.2%) | 226/112,395 (0.2%) | ||
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.89 (1.22–2.93) | 0.005 | 1.19 (0.92–1.52) | 0.18 | Reference |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.35 (0.87–2.11) | 0.18 | 0.98 (0.76–1.27) | 0.90 | |
Bed costs | |||||
Median (IQR), thousand U.S. Dollars | 26.7 (13.4–53.6) | 21.5 (12.6–40.0) | 17.3 (10.6–33.8) | ||
Unadjusted relative cost (95% CI) | 1.46 (1.40–1.52) | < 0.001 | 1.09 (1.07–1.11) | < 0.001 | Reference |
Adjusted relative cost (95% CI) | 1.25 (1.20–1.29) | < 0.001 | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | 0.001 | |
