Table 2 General characteristics of the study population's healthcare costs and utilization categorized by frailty status at the 2008 baseline.

From: Impact of frailty on mortality and healthcare costs and utilization among older adults in South Korea

Variables

Frailty

Low risk

Moderate risk

Severe risk

P-value

Mean ± SD

Mean

±

SD

Mean

±

SD

Total (N = 3578)

N = 2076

N = 1420

N = 82

 

Cost (in ₩)

 Total cost

363,333 ± 1,156,606

522,169 ± 1,454,733

1,394,756 ± 2,665,075

0.0003

 Inpatient cost

236,373 ± 1,047,835

376,965 ± 1,385,201

1,095,366 ± 2,527,157

0.0004

 Outpatient cost

126,961 ± 462,566

145,204 ± 370,356

299,390 ± 821,867

0.2262

Utilization

 Inpatient use

0.13 ± 0.5

0.24 ± 0.7

0.73 ± 1.3

 < .0001

 Length of stay

1.95 ± 8.6

4.48 ± 17.6

22.48 ± 50.8

 < .0001

 Outpatient use

9.34 ± 15.3

15.22 ± 31.7

16.00 ± 31.0

0.1476

Cost per utilization (in ₩)

 Inpatient use

201,504 ± 905,747

292,266 ± 1,111,316

690,203 ± 1,252,232

0.0426

 Outpatient use

12,465 ± 42,017

14,640 ± 139,272

35,826 ± 177,466

0.4202

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