Table 4 Results of GLMM for frailty on healthcare costs and utilization.

From: Impact of frailty on mortality and healthcare costs and utilization among older adults in South Korea

Variables

Frailty

Low risk

Moderate risk

Severe risk

β

β

SE

P-value

β

SE

P-value

Cost (in ₩)

 Total cost

Ref

145,487

39,320

0.0002

1,151,781

96,762

 < .0001

 Inpatient cost

Ref

141,135

37,402

0.0002

1,118,227

92,207

 < .0001

 Outpatient cost

Ref

3584

9973

0.7193

31,926

24,549

0.1935

Utilization

 Inpatient use

Ref

0.066

0.011

 < .0001

0.279

0.027

 < .0001

 Length of stay

Ref

3.312

0.614

 < .0001

31.952

1.496

 < .0001

 Outpatient use

Ref

1.479

0.446

0.001

−0.536

1.080

0.620

Cost per utilization (in ₩)

 Inpatient use

Ref

99,682

31,234

0.0014

732,153

77,276

 < .0001

 Outpatient use

Ref

200

1255

0.8734

6137

3043

0.0437

  1. *Adjusted for all covariates.
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