Figure 3

The interactive effects of forest patch area (natural logarithm) and experimental treatment on the abundance index of song thrush (columns 1–3) and relative abundance index (difference in the abundance between year 2018 and 2017—column 4; and between 2019 and 2017 column 5). Partial estimates from the generalized additive mixed models with Poisson error distribution (columns 1–3) or Gaussian error distribution (columns 4–5). In every model survey duration was included as the offset variable. Ribbons indicate 95% confidence intervals of the estimate. Explanations: *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.