Table 4 Comparison of hemodynamic variables between baseline and 12th and 24th weeks after administration canagliflozin.

From: Effects of canagliflozin on cardiac remodeling and hemodynamic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Hemodynamic variables

Baseline mean (SD)

12-Week mean (SD)

p-value

24-Week mean (SD)

p-value

Heart rate (beats/min)

75.0 ± 11.3

72.5 ± 13.2

0.043

71.5 ± 12.4

0.003

Systolic BP

136.4 ± 15.4

135.0 ± 19.0

0.641

130.7 ± 14.8

0.019

Diastolic BP

78.9 ± 11.3

77.5 ± 11.3

0.304

78.1 ± 12.2

0.469

Mean BP

98.1 ± 11.4

96.7 ± 12.4

0.421

95.7 ± 11.1

0.109

Cardiac index

2.5 ± 0.6

2.6 ± 0.6

0.022

2.9 ± 0.7

< 0.001

Cardiac output (L/min)

4.4 ± 1.0

4.7 ± 1.2

0.021

5.1 ± 1.5

< 0.001

Stroke index[BSA]

33.4 ± 6.4

36.6 ± 6.2

 < 0.001

40.3 ± 7.7

< 0.001

Stroke volume (mL)

59.6 ± 12.0

64.9 ± 11.3

0.001

71.8 ± 16.5

< 0.001

Systemic vascular resistance index[BSA]

3301.2 ± 788.5

3042.3 ± 873.5

0.014

2796.7 ± 797.3

< 0.001

Thoracic fluid content

24.6 ± 5.3

27.5 ± 6.1

0.009

32.7 ± 7.1

< 0.001

Index of contractility (ICONTM)

37.1 ± 12.7

44.6 ± 12.8

< 0.001

49.2 ± 13.4

< 0.001

Systolic time ratio

0.4 ± 0.1

0.4 ± 0.1

0.268

0.4 ± 0.1

0.705

Left ventricular ejection time (ms)

295.8 ± 21.8

296.3 ± 25.5

0.842

296.4 ± 23.8

0.288

Pre ejection time (ms)

108.5 ± 23.5

103.4 ± 21.0

0.161

107.1 ± 20.7

0.884

  1. systolic time ratio = pre-ejection time/left ventricular ejection time.