Table 9 Stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) (0–90 cm), system effectiveness, and energy usage pattern in relation to management of tillage crop residue and nutrient strategies to continuous RWCS.
Treatments | Soil Organic Carbon, kgm-2 (± Standard error) | Total input Energy (GJha–1) | Specific energy (MJha–1) | Energy use efficiency | Net energy (GJ ha–1) | Total field efficiency (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0-1200kg of soil m–2 (approx. 0–90 cm) | Annual SOC change rate g of Cm–2 yr–1 | ||||||||
2000 | 2021 | Difference | |||||||
T1 | 8.75 | 7.70 | − 0.98 ± 0.4 | − 71.7 | 32.8 | 7.98 | 4.35 | 64.6 | 48.15 |
T2 | 12.55 | 10.79 | − 0.26 ± 0.4 | − 33.3 | 30.3 | 6.35 | 5.45 | 63.2 | 49.95 |
T3 | 14.96 | 14.13 | 0.83 ± 0.2* | 31.3 | 28.9 | 5.49 | 6.15 | 61.7 | 51.98 |
T4 | 20.79 | 21.55 | 0.76 ± 0.4 | 63.3 | 25.7 | 4.60 | 6.90 | 50.1 | 65.06 |
T5 | 22.33 | 24.31 | 1.98 ± 0.03* | 99.2 | 21.2 | 3.91 | 7.42 | 42.9 | 81.44 |
T6 | 11.07 | 10.15 | − 1.22 ± 0.4 | − 26.7 | 30.9 | 6.75 | 5.15 | 63.5 | 49.35 |
T7 | 13.14 | 12.70 | − 0.33 ± 0.4 | − 31.7 | 29.2 | 5.99 | 6.05 | 62.1 | 50.65 |
T8 | 18.07 | 16.55 | 1.52 ± 0.4 | 26.7 | 26.4 | 4.97 | 6.70 | 50.8 | 60.13 |
T9 | 21.70 | 22.44 | 0.74 ± 0.4 | 61.7 | 23.1 | 3.95 | 7.12 | 46.4 | 76.16 |
T10 | 10.14 | 9.40 | − 0.93 ± 0.4 | − 41.7 | 31.7 | 7.15 | 4.85 | 63.8 | 49.15 |
T11 | 11.65 | 10.79 | − 0.66 ± 0.4 | − 38.3 | 29.8 | 6.12 | 5.95 | 62.9 | 50.15 |
T12 | 16.85 | 16.35 | 0.50 ± 0.22 | 15.5 | 23.8 | 4.05 | 7.04 | 46.8 | 73.25 |
T13 | 20.89 | 21.86 | 0.97 ± 0.2* | 79.2 | 24.6 | 4.45 | 7.08 | 48.3 | 66.71 |
T14 | 9.10 | 8.20 | − 0.96 ± 0.4 | − 51.7 | 32.2 | 7.65 | 4.55 | 64.1 | 48.35 |
