Table 1 Demographics and baseline characteristics of the patients.

From: Relationship between disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid-space hydrocephalus and white matter tract integrity in normal pressure hydrocephalus

 

Low DESH (n = 14)

High DESH (n = 19)

p value

Control (n = 33)

iNPH (n = 33)

p value*

Age, years

75.8 ± 4.9

74.5 ± 4.9

0.451

74.8 ± 5.2

75.0 ± 4.8

Matched

Male

8 (57.1%)

11 (57.9%)

1.000

19 (57.6%)

19 (57.6%)

Matched

Education, years

8.5 ± 5.9

10.3 ± 5.1

0.334

9.7 ± 5.3

9.6 ± 5.4

Matched

HTN

10 (71.4%)

12 (63.2%)

0.901

16 (48.5%)

22 (66.7%)

0.181

Diabetes mellitus

7 (50.0%)

13 (68.4%)

0.478

7 (21.2%)

20 (60.6%)

0.006

Cognitive tests scores

 MMSE

24.5 [19.0; 25.0]

24.0 [18.5; 25.0]

0.674

28.0 [26.0; 29.0]

24.0 [19.0; 25.0]

< 0.001

  GDS

4.0 [3.0; 5.0]

4.0 [3.0; 5.0]

0.627

2.0 [2.0; 2,0]

4.0 [3.0; 5.0]

< 0.001

  CDR

0.8 [0.5; 1.0]

1.0 [0.5; 1.0]

0.414

0.0 [0.0; 0.0]

1.0 [0.5; 1.0]

< 0.001

  CDR sum of boxes

3.3 [1.6; 5.4]

4.8 [3.4; 6.5]

0.108

0.0 [0.0; 0.0]

4.5 [2.0; 6.0]

< 0.001

DESH scale

6.0 [4.3; 6.0]

8.0 [7.0; 9.0]

< 0.001

1.0 [0.0; 2.0]

7.0 [6.0; 8.0]

< 0.001

 VM score

1.0 [1.0; 2.0]

2.0 [2.0; 2.0]

0.034

0.0 [0.0; 0.0]

2.0 [1.0; 2.0]

< 0.001

 Dilated SF score

1.0 [1.0; 2.0]

2.0 [2.0; 2.0]

0.081

0.0 [0.0; 1.0]

2.0 [1.0; 2.0]

< 0.001

 Tight HC score

1.0 [0.3; 1.0]

2.0 [1.0; 2.0]

0.005

0.0 [0.0; 1.0]

1.0 [1.0; 2.0]

< 0.001

 Acute CA score

0.0 [0.0; 1.9]

2.0 [1.0; 2.0]

< 0.001

0.0 [0.0; 1.0]

1.0 [0.0; 2.0]

< 0.001

 Focal SD score

1.0 [1.0; 1.0]

1.0 [1.0; 1.0]

0.442

1.0 [0.0; 1.0]

1.0 [1.0; 1.0]

< 0.001

Evans index

0.35 ± 0.05

0.38 ± 0.04

0.052

0.27 ± 0.03

0.37 ± 0.04

< 0.001

Callosal angle, degree

106.1 ± 11.6

83.0 ± 12.8

< 0.001

117.3 ± 12.7

92.8 ± 16.5

< 0.001

3rd ventricle width, mm

13.2 ± 3.5

14.5 ± 2.4

0.246

8.6 ± 1.9

13.9 ± 3.0

< 0.001

CSF tap test, n

10

16

    

 TUG time before tap test, sec

15.4 \(\pm \) 6.5

27.2 \(\pm \) 16.5

0.019

 CSF tap test responders†

  6-h post-tap TUG

5/10 (50.0%)

9/16 (56.3%)

0.999

   

  24-h post-tap TUG (cumulative)

7/10 (70.0%)

10/16 (62.5%)

0.999

  MMSE \(\ge \) 3 points

2/10 (20.0%)

3/16 (18.8%)

0.999

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt, n

1

7

 Post-operative changes in iNPHGS

  − 10 points

0/1 (0%)

1/7 (14.3%)

    

  − 3 points

0/1 (0%)

1/7 (14.3%)

  − 2 points

1/1 (100.0%)

4/7 (57.1%)

  − 1 point

0/1 (0%)

1/7 (14.3%)

Complications, n

0/1 (0%)

2‡/7 (28.6%) valve malfunction

  1. Data represent the mean ± standard deviation or median and interquartile ranges. Group differences were assessed using Student's t-test or Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables and χ2 test for dichotomous variables.
  2. iNPH idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, HTN hypertension, DM diabetes, K-MMSE Korean version of mini-mental status examination, GDS global deterioration scale, CDR clinical dementia rating, DESH disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus, VM ventriculomegaly, SF sylvian fissure, HC high convexity, CA callosal angle, SD sulcal dilation, TUG timed up and go.
  3. *Comparisons between NPH and its paired controls were evaluated with paired t-tests or Mann–Whitney U tests for matched pairs and McNemar's test.
  4. †Defined as an improvement of 10% or more in time spent in a TUG evaluation.
  5. ‡These two patients improved after shunt revision.
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