Table 1 Patients’ characteristics.
Characteristic | Survivors (n = 38) | Non-survivors (n = 13) | Total patients (n = 51) | P value (Sv. vs. Non-sv. ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, y | 74 (70–79) | 79 (75–83) | 75 (70–80) | 0.069 |
Male sex | 28 (74) | 10 (77) | 38 (75) | 0.817 |
CCIS | 3 (2–4.3) | 3 (1.5–4) | 3 (2–4) | 0.597 |
Aetiology of acute exacerbation | 0.476 | |||
Unknown | 34 (89) | 13 (100) | 47 (92) | |
Infection | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
Drug | 3 (8) | 0 (0) | 3 (6) | |
Diagnosis of ILDs | 0.304 | |||
IPF | 12 (32) | 5 (38) | 17 (33) | |
IIPs other than IPF | 13 (34) | 7 (54) | 20 (39) | |
CTD-ILD | 11 (29) | 1 (8) | 12 (24) | |
CHP | 2 (5) | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | |
Blood biomarkers | ||||
P/F ratio | 244 (209–331) | 215 (148–383) | 239 (183–331) | 0.456 |
Serum LDH, U/L | 274 (217–358) | 336 (253–413) | 275 (233–373) | 0.353 |
Serum KL-6, U/L | 1066 (653–1751) | 406 (285–1056) | 938 (403–1600) | 0.029 |
Serum SP-D, ng/mL | 221 (120–313) | 203 (63–322) | 216 (105–310) | 0.329 |
Serum HO-1, ng/mL | 25.4 (18.5–44.7) | 43.2 (25.7–79.5) | 27.5 (19.9–48.8) | 0.023 |
HRCT score (baseline) | ||||
GGO score | 8.5 (6–11) | 10 (8–15.5) | 11 (7–11) | 0.181 |
Honeycomb score | 3.5 (1–8) | 4 (3–8) | 4 (1–8) | 0.610 |
HRCT score (repeat) | ||||
GGO score | 6 (4–7) | 9 (6.8–17) | 6 (4–7) | 0.008 |
Honeycomb score | 6 (2–10) | 6 (3.5–11.3) | 6 (2–10) | 0.753 |
Treatment | ||||
Corticosteroid pulse therapy | 12 (92) | 33 (87) | 45 (88) | 0.598 |
Pulse frequency | 1 (1) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.110 |
NEI use | 6 (16) | 5 (38) | 11 (22) | 0.086 |
Outcome | < 0.001 | |||
3-month mortality | 0 (0) | 11 (85) | 11 (22) | |
BSC | 0 (0) | 2 (15) | 2 (4) | |
