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Figure 3

From: Deriving expert-driven seismic and wind fragility functions for non-engineered residential typologies in Batanes, Philippines

Figure 3

Structural details documented across the typologies surveyed. (a) Roof-to-wall connection where thick logs are embedded in stone walls and (b) layered thatch (cogon) roofing with reed matting are features of URM. (c) Improvised rubber washers for nail fasteners are used for typologies with CGI sheets. For LW-A, common post-and-beam connections are (d) bolted, (e) hooked with reinforcing steel bars, and (f) nailed. For LW-B and SC-A, common post-and-beam connections are (g) bolted, (h) notched and clipped, and (i) hooked with reinforcing steel bars. For SC-B, typical post-and-beam connections are (j, k) dowels wrapped around beams and roof members. For RC-A, (l) roof-to-wall connections are common to be via dowels from reinforcing steel bars wrapping the wooden roof members. For RC-B, (m) beams and columns are reinforced concrete supporting the slab roof.

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