Table 1 Porosity, pore radius, roughness, contact angle, Rejection, and flux for (blank, TiO2, ZnO, and ZnO/TiO2) prepared membranes.

From: Low-cost photocatalytic membrane modified with green heterojunction TiO2/ZnO nanoparticles prepared from waste

Sample

Porosity (%)

Rm (nm)

Ra (nm)

Contact angle degree

Rejection (%)

FluxL/m2 h

Blank

59 ± 0.3

260 ± 5

72.4 ± 0.2

69.0 ± 1.9

76.7 ± 5

1.5 ± 0.10

TiO2

60 ± 0.3

200 ± 5

78.3 ± 0.2

59.3 ± 1.6

90.6 ± 5

0.5 ± 0.01

ZnO

65 ± 0.3

163 ± 5

76.5 ± 0.2

65.4 ± 1.6

99.6 ± 5

1.5 ± 0.10

ZnO/TiO2

75 ± 0.3

262 ± 5

26.9 ± 0.2

65.4 ± 2.6

95.3 ± 5

4.6 ± 0.5