Table 1 Demographics and participant characteristics of discovery and validation cohort.
Discovery cohort | USA | Sri Lanka | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 294) | Bacterial (n = 42) | Viral (n = 43) | Noninfectious (n = 67) | Bacterial (n = 60) | Viral (n = 82) | |||
Age, median (IQR) | 48 (31, 61) | 58 (49, 66) | 50 (28, 66) | 54 (42, 66) | 41 (31, 50) | 34 (23, 51) | ||
Sex, n (%) | ||||||||
Male | 155 (52.7) | 28 (66.7) | 14 (32.6) | 30 (44.7) | 39 (66.7) | 38 (51.2) | ||
Female | 139 (47.3) | 14 (33.3) | 29 (67.4) | 37 (55.3) | 21 (33.3) | 44 (48.8) | ||
Race, n (%) | ||||||||
Hispanic | 142 (48.3) | 38 (90.5) | 39 (93.0) | 65 (97.0) | – | – | ||
Non-Hispanic | 4 (1.4) | 2 (4.8) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (1.5) | – | – | ||
5 (1.7) | 2 (4.7) | 2 (4.6) | 1 (1.5) | – | – | |||
Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||||
White | 87 (29.5) | 27 (64.3) | 25 (58.1) | 35 (52.2) | – | – | ||
Black | 56 (19.0) | 13 (31.0) | 14 (32.6) | 29 (43.3) | – | – | ||
Asian/S. Asian | 144 (49.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.7) | 60 (100) | 82 (100) | ||
American In/Alaska Na | 5 (1.7) | 2 (4.8) | 1 (2.3) | 2 (3.0) | – | – | ||
Hawaiian/Pacific Is | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | – | – | ||
Other/unknown | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.5) | – | – | ||
Duration ill, median days (IQR) | 4 (3, 6) | 3 (2, 5.5) | 4 (2. 5, 5.5) | 3 (2, 11) | 5 (3, 8) | 4 (3, 5) | ||
Hospital length of stay, median days (IQR) | 4 (2, 6) | 6 (3, 9) | 0 (0, 15) | 2 (1, 6) | 5 (4, 6) | 4 (3, 6) | ||
Intensive care, n (%) | 26 (8.8) | 11 (26.2) | 3 (7.0) | 11 (16.4) | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Mech. ventilation, n (%) | 14 (4.8) | 6 (14.3) | 1 (2.3) | 6 (9.0) | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Mortality, n (%) | 12 (4.0) | 5 (11.9) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (9.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | ||
Pathogens | – | 11 S. aureus | 17 FluA | NA | 30 Leptospira spp. | 43 Dengue | ||
14 S. pneumo | 12 FluB | 27 Rickettsia spp. | 23 FluA | |||||
9 E. coli | 14 RSV | 3 C. burnetii | 16 FluB | |||||
9 K. pneumo | ||||||||
Validation cohort | USA | Sri Lanka | Cambodia | Tanzania | Australia | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 101) | Bacterial (n = 3) | Viral (n = 16) | Bacterial n = 24) | Viral (n = 29) | Bacterial (n = 10) | Bacterial (n = 15) | Viral (n = 4) | |
Age, median (IQR) | 36.5 (27.8, 54.3) | 61 (60.5, 73.5) | 49 (29, 60) | 37 (29.5, 58) | 30 (25, 47) | 51 (36.3, 58.8) | 34 (30.5, 41.5) | 27 (27, 35.5) |
Sex, n (%) | ||||||||
Male | 55 (54.5) | 3 (100) | 5 (31.3) | 14 (58.3) | 21 (72.4) | 5 (50.0) | 6 (40.0) | 1 (25.0) |
Female | 46 (45.5) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (68.8) | 10 (41.7) | 8 (27.6) | 5 (50.0) | 9 (60.0) | 3 (75.0) |
Race, n (%) | ||||||||
Hispanic | – | 3 (100) | 16 (100) | – | – | – | – | 4 (100) |
Non-Hispanic | – | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | – | – | – | 0 (0.0) |
Unknown | – | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | – | – | – | 0 (0.0) |
Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||||
White | 12 (11.9) | 2 (66.7) | 6 (37.5) | – | – | – | – | 4 (100) |
Black | 26 (25.7) | 1 (33.3) | 10 (62.5) | – | – | – | 15 (100) | 0 (0.0) |
Asian/S. Asian | 63 (62.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 24 (100) | 29 (100) | 10 (100) | – | 0 (0.0) |
Pathogens | 1 S. aureus | 2 Dengue | 15 Leptospira spp. | 18 Dengue | 10 B. pseudomallei | 3 Brucella spp. | 4 FluA | |
1 VGS | 4 FluA | 9 Rickettsia spp. | 7 FluA | 2 Rickettsia spp. | ||||
1 P. aerug | 2 RSV | 4 HRV | 10 C. burnetii | |||||
2 HRV | ||||||||
3 Paraflu | ||||||||
3 hMPV | ||||||||
