Figure 1

(a, b) Eigenvectors of the first leading mode and (c, d) its principal components (PCs) time series from the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of JJA (June–July–August) GPPFLUXCOM (1980–2016) and GPPNIRv (1982–2018) over East Asia (24°–52°N and 100°–149°E). The values of explained variance for GPPFLUXCOM and GPPNIRv are 21.4% and 16.4% of the total variance, respectively. The red box in a and b indicates Eastern China-Mongolia region (40°–52°N and 110°–124°E).