Table 1 Critical thermal minimum (CTMin) and maximum (CTMax), sex (Male, Female or Both), thermal breadth (TB), intertegular distance (ITD), and number of nests (Ns) used per species.

From: Low heat tolerance and high desiccation resistance in nocturnal bees and the implications for nocturnal pollination under climate change

Species

Sex

CTMin (°C)

CTMax (°C)

TB (°C)

WT (°C)

ITD (mm)

Ns

Diurnal bees

 Ceratina currani Schwarz

F

11.23 ± 0.01, N = 2

44.70 ± 0.24, N = 2

33.47 ± 0.23, N = 2

7.70 ± 0.24, N = 2

2.66 ± 0.03, N = 2

—

 Eufriesea pulchra (Smith)

M

12.03 ± 1.88, N = 2

42.97 ± 0.36, N = 2

30.94 ± 2.24, N = 2

5.97 ± 0.36, N = 2

5.81 ± 0.06, N = 2

—

 Euglossa bursigera Moure

M

9.43, N = 1

49.02, N = 1

39.59, N = 1

12.02, N = 1

3.0, N = 1

—

 E. crassipunctata Moure

M

13.40 ± 0.44, N = 3

44.67 ± 0.14, N = 3

31.28 ± 0.34, N = 3

7.67 ± 0.14, N = 3

2.75 ± 0.19, N = 3

—

 E. cybelia Moure

M

13.91, N = 1

46.75, N = 1

32.84, N = 1

9.75, N = 1

3.63, N = 1

—

 E. imperialis Cockerell

M

12.53 ± 0.54, N = 5

40.98 ± 1.74, N = 5

28.45 ± 2.17, N = 5

3.98 ± 1.74, N = 5

3.78 ± 0.03, N = 5

—

 E. mixta Friese

M

12.29 ± 0.23, N = 3

44.69 ± 0.92, N = 3

32.40 ± 0.71, N = 3

7.69 ± 0.92, N = 3

3.60 ± 0.02, N = 3

—

 E. tridentata Moure

M

13.47 ± 0.27, N = 6

43.80 ± 0.69, N = 5

30.42 ± 0.43, N = 5

6.79 ± 0.69, N = 5

3.50 ± 0.09, N = 6

—

 Eulaema bombiformis (Packard)

M

9.18 ± 2.59, N = 2

43.92 ± 0.69, N = 2

34.74 ± 3.28, N = 2

6.92 ± 0.69, N = 2

7.69 ± 0.69, N = 2

—

 Exaerete frontalis (Guérin-Méneville)

M

11.11, N = 1

44.62, N = 1

33.51, N = 1

7.62, N = 1

5.50, N = 1

—

 Partamona orizabaensis (Strand)

F

10.59, N = 1

42.95, N = 1

32.36, N = 1

5.95, N = 1

1.64, N = 1

—

 Tetragona ziegleri (Friese)

F

12.30 ± 0.39, N = 16

42.38 ± 0.52, N = 13

30.44 ± 0.69, N = 13

5.38 ± 0.52, N = 13

1.33 ± 0.01, N = 16

1

 Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille)

F

12.53 ± 0.49, N = 9

43.97 ± 1.40, N = 5

32.50 ± 1.42, N = 5

6.97 ± 1.40, N = 5

1.01 ± 0.01, N = 9

1

 Trigona fuscipennis Friese

F

13.02 ± 1.20, N = 3

45.12 ± 1.12, N = 3

32.10 ± 1.51, N = 3

8.12 ± 1.12, N = 3

1.39 ± 0.02, N = 3

 

 Xylocopa aeneipennis (De Geer)

F

2.73, N = 1

51.32, N = 1

48.59, N = 1

14.32, N = 1

6.63, N = 1

1

Nocturnal bees

 Megalopta amoena (Spinola)

B

10.00 ± 0.26, N = 15

41.85 ± 0.43, N = 14

31.83 ± 0.48, N = 14

4.85 ± 0.43, N = 14

2.41 ± 0.04, N = 15

10

 M. genalis Meade-Waldo

B

9.90 ± 0.15, N = 57

41.26 ± 0.15, N = 47

31.26 ± 0.24, N = 47

4.20 ± 0.15, N = 47

2.85 ± 0.03, N = 57

44

  1. — = non-applicable, as bees were collected with odor baits or from flowers. For each trait, mean value is followed by SE and number of individuals measured.
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