Figure 1

Comparison between alpha- and beta- diversity by category. (a) Chao1 and Shannon indices for each category. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s post hoc tests (*P < 0.05, †P < 0.01, ‡P < 0.001). (b) Beta-diversity-based PCA plots of each category using the Aitchison distance of CLR-transformed counts. Each point represents the sample. One-way ANOSIM was performed to determine the diversity of the microbial communities (Category 1: R2 = 0.094, P = 0.048, Category 2: R2 = − 0.024, P = 0.773).