Table 2 Instrumental variable regression results.

From: The impact of the digital economy on urban total factor productivity: mechanisms and spatial spillover effects

Variables

(1)

(2)

(3)

LnDEit

0.190*** (4.02)

0.191*** (25.08)

0.159*** (4.03)

LnRSPit

–

–

− 0.019*** (− 3.29)

LnAISit

–

–

0.076*** (5.31)

LnPGDPit

–

–

0.328*** (21.02)

LnIEit

–

–

0.010 (0.98)

SEit

–

–

0.006*** (3.40)

Time fixed effects

No

Yes

Yes

Regional fixed effects

No

No

Yes

N

2565

2565

2565

R2

0.110

0.279

0.184

  1. *,**,***Denote significance levels of 10%, 5%, and 1%, respectively, with t-values shown in parentheses.
Back to article page