Table 3 Adjusted odds ratio of diabetic retinopathy stratified according to quartile levels of blood vitamin A in representative Korean adults aged 40 years or older. Value is described as odd ratio (95% confidence intervals). Model 1: adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, smoking, cholesterol, diabetes duration, glycated hemoglobin, and hypertension.
From: The relationship between blood vitamin A levels and diabetic retinopathy: a population-based study
Quartile blood vitamin A level (mg/L) | Crude | Model 1 | Model 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
Quartile level 1 (< 0.41) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
Quartile level 2 (0.41–0.51) | 0.65 (0.26–1.60) | 0.55 (0.20–1.51) | 0.50 (0.20–1.24) |
Quartile level 3 (0.51–0.64) | 0.32 (0.14–0.74) | 0.28 (0.11–0.68) | 0.17 (0.08–0.42) |
Quartile level 4 (≥ 0.64) | 0.62 (0.26–1.42) | 0.46 (0.18–1.17) | 0.32 (0.14–0.72) |
P for trend | 0.014 | 0.016 | 0.001 |
